Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers was utilized for partial cloning of the MADS box gene family from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PCR products corresponding to a part of the MADS box region were cloned and sequenced. Eleven individual clones sequenced were classified into seven types on the basis of the nucleotide sequence and five types on the deduced amino acid sequence,...

background: fusobacterium necrophorum as a non-spore-forming gram-negative anaerobic bacillus is an important human and animal pathogen. it may cause severe systemic infections (lemierre's syndrome) and some other infections. the aim of this study was to subtype fusobacterium necrophorum by using pcr methods. materials and methods: twenty five strains of fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies fun...

Edwardsiella tarda is an enterobacterial fish pathogen that causes mortality in various fish species worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the intraspecific variability in a collection of E. tarda strains isolated from turbot. To do this we employed 4 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: (1) random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), (2) enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-P...

artemisia annua is still the only commercial source of artemisinin. to date, a number of biochemical and molecular studies about artemisinin’s biosynthetic pathway have been carried out. in metabolic engineering approach, isolation and characterization of promoters leads to an understanding of which cis-acting elements are responsible for the regulation of gene expression. dbr2 is a key enzyme ...