We present a method for the examination of antiidiotypic cellmediated reactivity during chronic human infections. Pooled and individual sera from patients with schistosomiasis. mansoni were purified on immunoaffinity columns of schistosomal egg antigens (SEA). The eluates contained anti-SEA antibodies, but not SEA. These antibody preparations, and their F(ab')2 fragments, stimulated dose-depend...

1. Structural analogues of a sulphated polysaccharide, dextrin sulphate, were synthesized and tested for their ability to block infection by HIV-1. Using the T-cell lines, C8166 and HPB-ALL, and the laboratory adapted strains of HIV-1.MN, HIV-1.IIIb and HIV-1.RF, dextrin 2-sulphate (D2S) combined the best combination of high anti-HIV-1 activity (95% inhibitory concentration (IC95) = 230 nM) and...

BACKGROUND Early detection of haematogenous dissemination of epithelial tumours afforded by the analysis of epithelial antigen expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear fraction (PBMN) and bone marrow may confer a worse prognosis to patients with carcinoma. Cytokeratin 19 is a protein normally expressed by epithelial cells including normal and malignant mammary cells. Previous studies have...

A structure optimized Prussian blue analogue Na1.76Ni0.12Mn0.88[Fe(CN)6]0.98 (PBMN) is synthesized and investigated. Coexistence of inactive Ni(2+) (Fe-C≡N-Ni group) with active Mn(2+/3+) (Fe-C≡N-Mn group) balances the structural disturbances caused by the redox reactions. This cathode material exhibits particularly excellent cycle life with high capacity (118.2 mA h g(-1)).

BACKGROUND Receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (AGE-R) mediate AGE turnover, but can also trigger inflammatory genes that promote diabetic tissue injury and diabetic complications (DC). High AGE levels and reduced AGE-R sites in kidneys of NOD mice prone to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to renal disease (RD) suggested that impaired AGE-R function may contribute to RD in these mice. MATER...

BACKGROUND Chronic sinus inflammation may be determined partly by a balance of proinflammatory and counterregulatory cytokines and other mediators in the sinus. However, their mechanistic roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate production of proinflammatory (interferon gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin [IL] 12) and counterregulatory cytokines (IL-1...