2-phenylbenzimidazole (PBI) is an ingredient found in sunscreen agents. PBI can absorb the UV portion of the solar light and undergo a series of light-induced reactions to cause adverse effects in humans. Therefore, chemical and photochemical toxicity of PBI were investigated in the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 and human skin keratinocyte cells. There is no appreciable bacteria death ...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a parent based intervention (PBI) in reducing drinking among first year college students (N=443). Students were assigned to one of three conditions: PBI, PBI plus booster brochures (PBI-B), and an assessment only control group (CNT). At a 4-month post-intervention follow-up, results indicated students in the PBI-B group reported significantly less drink...

To compare the radiation dose to normal cardiac tissue for 3Dimensional (3D) conformal external beam partial breast irradiation (PBI) and standard whole breast irradiation (WBI), and examine the effect of tumor bed location. For 14 patients with left breast tumors randomized on the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-39 protocol, computer-generated radiotherapy treatment plans...

(1)H and (31)P NMR spectra, line widths, spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)), and (1)H self-diffusion coefficients (D) were determined for two distinct poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) proton exchange membranes (PEM), para-PBI and dihydroxy-PBI (2OH-PBI), both incorporating varying concentrations of phosphoric acid. The study was performed over the temperature range of 20-180 °C, for phosphoric acid ...

Objective: To investigate the potential dosimetric benefits of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) compared to three-dimensional CT (3DCT) in the planning of radiotherapy for external-beam partial breast irradiation (EB-PBI). Methods: Three-DCT and 4DCT scan sets were acquired for 20 patients who underwent EB-PBI. For each patient a conventional 3D conformal plan (3D-CRT) was generated ...

Iodine contamination as defined by the combination of a raised (PBI-T(4)I) difference and low (131)I neck uptake was found in 38 (17.5%) of 217 euthyroid patients. Of these, 17 had PBI levels of greater than 20 mug/dl but in the remainder levels were clinically feasible. In only 21 was there a history of exposure to iodine. Two of 12 hypothyroid patients had PBI levels well within normal limits...

PURPOSE There are multiple current strategies for breast radiotherapy (RT). The alignment of physician practice patterns with best evidence and patient preferences will enhance patient autonomy and improve cancer care. However, there is little information describing patient preferences for breast RT and physician practice patterns. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using a reliable and valid instrument, ...

In case of a mass casualty radiation event, there is a need to distinguish total-body irradiation (TBI) and partial-body irradiation (PBI) to concentrate overwhelmed medical resources to the individuals that would develop an acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and need hematologic support (i.e., mostly TBI victims). To improve the identification and medical care of TBI versus PBI individuals, reliab...

PURPOSE Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (PBI) is a new treatment paradigm for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Although PBI may lead to greater local recurrence rates, it may be cost-effective because of better tolerability and lower cost. We aim to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of PBI compared with whole-breast radiation therapy (WBRT) for estrogen receptor-positi...

We present a new mixed method of LDA-VQ to predict Korean prosodic break index(PBI) for a given utterance. PBI can be used as an important cue of syntactic discontinuity in continuous speech recognition(CSR). Our proposed method, LDA-VQ model, consists of three steps. At the first step, PBI was predicted with the information of syllable and pause duration through the linear discriminant analysi...