microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) play key roles as activators of the innate immune response in animals and, analogously, as elicitors of defense responses in plants. however, there are not much investigations concerning their real importance in plant resistance against pathogens. here we used derivatives of flagellin and ef-tu as two well-known mamps against some important fungal a...

conclusions the results showed that some patients were probably contaminated with nonbacterial and nonparasitic agents. all the parasitic isolates were resistant to most antibiotics. therefore determination of microbial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility is necessary before treatment procedures. results of 2376 patients, 466 (19.6%) were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria or protozoa.the...

bacteria usually cause disease in the gastrointestinal tract by colonization and growth in the gastrointestinal tract, where the micro organisms may invade the tissues of host or secretion of an exotoxin that is performed in food and then ingested by the host, examples of second group include: staphylococcal, bacillus cereus, clostridial (c.botulinum and c.perfringens type a) toxin. in this stu...

background: monitoring of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms is essential for proper composting. the aim of this study was to evaluate the change in population of coliform bacteria and salmonella spp. in composting process of municipal wastes and after its application on soil. methods: the samples were taken from each raw waste pile, initial pile, and active phase pile, cooling phase pile ...

objective: microorganisms are responsible for many problems in industry and medicine because of biofilm formation. therefore, this study was aimed to examine the effect of thymus vulgaris (t. vulgaris) extracts on the planktonic form and biofilm structures of six pathogenic bacteria. materials and methods: antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against the planktonic form of the bacteri...

Innate immunity is based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we show that elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), the most abundant bacterial protein, acts as a PAMP in Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae. EF-Tu is highly conserved in all bacteria and is known to be N-acetylated in Escherichia coli. Arabidopsis plants specifically recognize the N terminus o...

to determine the prevalence of bacterial mastitis in cattle, milk samples positive for california mastitistest (cmt) were cultured during a period of almost 4 years. the bacterial species isolated from 2904 milksamples studied were coagulase negative staphylococcus sp. in 879 (30.27%) samples, streptococcusagalactiae in 642 (22.11%), s. dysgalactiae in 332 (11.43%), e. coli in 295 (10.16%), sta...

background: masske is a traditional iranian butter made from yoghurt. the first aim of this study was to isolate and identify the nonlactic pathogenic microflora by culture and molecular methods of identification, and the second purpose was to identify genetic similarity of the isolated bacteria in masske. materials and methods: in order to detect pathogenic dominant indicator microorganisms, a...

conclusion according to our findings, it is recommended to use ferula gummosa extract, as a herbal alternative treatment, in more investigations to prove its treatment effects on infections. objective ferula gummosa grows as a native plant in different parts of iran and has been used for treatment of some infections such as uti since ancient times. present study is planned to show the antibacte...