conclusions it can be concluded that the devisable memory-enhancing effects of red lentil (lens culinaris) are due to the antioxidant activity of its flavonoid, tannins, and terpenoids. background since ancient times, people have believed that certain foods or plants can affect learning and memory potency in humans. the consumption of food and beverages rich in flavonoid compounds has been prop...

Two different measures of the retention of avoidance conditioning, frequently used in the investigation of retrograde anmesia (RA), were examined. Rats were given a single training trial on either passive or active avoidance in a conventional black-white discrimination apparatus and step•through latencies were recorded. Task sequence, footshock and hypothermia were experimentally varied across ...

background: learning and memory are the most intensively studied subjects in neuroscience. two sites of mammalian brain which are important in learning and memory are ca1 region of hippocampus and purkinje cell layer of cerebellum. so, the aim of present investigation was to study of the effect of ovariectomy and passive avoidance learning on nr1 subunit of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor ...

In addition to their well-known genomic effects via intracellular receptors, androgens rapidly alter neuronal excitability through a nongenomic pathway. The nongenomic effect of testosterone, as the main androgen, apart from its traditional effects, was assessed in one of the fundamental centers of learning and memory, the hippocampus, on long-term memory (LTM) in passive avoidance conditioning...

background: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, facilitates the formation of memory. based on above findings, in the current study the effect of crocin in antagonizing retrograde amnesia induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, in rats was investigated by using shuttle box...

Background: Dipentyl phthalate (DPeP) is a plasticizer compound commonly used in polyvinylchloride plastic to increase their softness and flexibility. They are not bound covalently to the plastic polymers and can therefore leach out into the environment, and have been shown to adversely affect the health of humans and animals. Methods: We investigated the effect of DPeP on the various cognitive...

introduction: lead (pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin c on memory.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin c against leadinduced amnesia. methods: male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative control (lead), ...

Introduction:Cholesterol has different effects on memory, and diabetes caused adverse effect on cognition. Since there is not enough evidence regarding the effect of cholesterol on memory of diabetic animals, the effects of cholesterol and simvastatin on the passive avoidance memory of diabetic rat were studied. Methods:The study was done on 60 male Wistar rats (180 ± 20g). Diabetes was in...

temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) is a disorder of the central nervous system in which hippocampus is mostly involved and causes memory impairment. kindling is a model of inducing epilepsy which is created through pentylenetetrazol (ptz) administration. this study examines the role of the aqueous extract of boswellia on the learning and development of brain (formation of dendritic branches and axons...

introduction: cholinergic systems are involved in learning and memory. scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, is used as a standard/ reference drug for inducing cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scopolamine on avoidance memory and number of neurons in rat’s hippocampus. . methods: thirty five male alb...