background : many women suffer from perineal trauma during the normal vaginal delivery. perineal trauma is mainly associated with pain and complications after the childbirth. perineal management techniques can play a significant role in perineal trauma reduction. this study aimed to compare the effects of perineal management techniques (hands-off technique, ritgen maneuver and perineal massage ...

INTRODUCTION Sexual dimorphism of the human pelvis is linked intimately with its adaptive functions. The peculiarly shaped hominid pelvis represents the total response to the diverse forces that have moulded its structure. These diverse forces are requirements for efficient bipedalism and parturition. In some respects, the structural demands of these unrelated functions have been in conflict. T...

BACKGROUND Many women suffer from perineal trauma during the normal vaginal delivery. Perineal trauma is mainly associated with pain and complications after the childbirth. Perineal management techniques can play a significant role in perineal trauma reduction. This study aimed to compare the effects of perineal management techniques (hands-off technique, Ritgen maneuver and perineal massage us...