BACKGROUND Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This study evaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, and determined which strategy is the most effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS All municipalities are responsible for conducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screeni...

INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem that is on the increase throughout the world, including in Portugal. This paper aims to identify the changing geographic pattern of this cause of death in Portugal and its association with sociomaterial deprivation. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a transversal ecological study of the deaths by Diabetes Mellitus in Portuguese municipaliti...

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the quantity of resources for breast and cervical cancer screening on the participation rates in screening in clinical settings in municipalities, as well as to clarify whether lack of resources impairs access to cancer screening in Japan. METHODS Of the 1,746 municipalities in 2010, 1,443 (82.6%) and 1,469 (84.1%) were included in the analyses for breast an...

This paper analyzes whether Dutch municipalities have become greener between 1999 and 2014 by investigating whether they implement different unit-based pricing systems. Based on their incentive, systems are ranged from green (‘weight’) to less green (‘volume’) or no green (‘flat rate’). In one third of the municipalities, shifts took place, with 83 percent becoming greener and 17 percent less g...

Nowadays communications, decision-making, reporting manner and hierarchy are controlled by organizational structure getting an inside into such structure means getting an insight over the whole organization. It serves as a platform for operation of plans and strategies and also determines links among personnel or executive body of the organization. In line with developments in other elements, o...

Background: According to national laws and world experiences; provision, maintenance, and improving citizens’ health are considered to be the essential functions of municipalities as a “social institute”. In order to equitably promote health conditions at urban level, particularly in marginal areas, since 2004 targeted efforts have been implemented in the municipality of Tehra...

We studied the geographical distribution of all cases of HM that were diagnosed among residents of Sardinia during the 20-year period from 1974 to 1993. Cases, grouped into three categories (lymphoproliferative diseases, myeloproliferative diseases, and total haematological malignancies), were assigned to the 356 municipalities of the island according to the reported residence of each patient. ...

Tooth loss is considered to be a public health problem. Time-series studies that assess the influence of social conditions and access to health services on tooth loss are scarce.This study aimed to examine the time-series of permanent tooth extraction in Brazil between 1998 and 2012 and to compare these series in municipalities with different Human Development Index (HDI) scores and with differ...

The concession of rural credit in the Brazilian Amazon became conditional upon stricter legal and environmental requirements in 2008. This paper uses this policy change to investigate credit constraints in the region, and how the variation in credit impacts deforestation. Di!erences-indi!erences estimation based on a panel of municipalities shows that the policy change led to a reduction in rur...