a two-dimensional single particle finite element model was used to examine the effects of particle fragmental pattern on the average molecular weights, polymerization rate and particle overheating in heterogeneous ziegler-natta olefin polymerization. a two-site catalyst kinetic mechanism was employed together with a dynamic two-dimensional molecular species in diffusion-reaction equation. the i...

A two-dimensional single particle finite element model was used to examine the effects of particle fragmental pattern on the average molecular weights, polymerization rate and particle overheating in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. A two-site catalyst kinetic mechanism was employed together with a dynamic two-dimensional molecular species in diffusion-reaction equation. The i...

Overheating during hot summers is a major risk which will increase under climate change. Thermal dynamic modelling is used to compare the current overheating risk of typical residential properties in the UK with the future overheating risk for the middle decades of this century, i.e. the period 20402069. A wide range of passive and low-energy climate change adaptation measures which could be re...

Structural changes in solid and liquid like clusters and nanoparticles have been investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. While in the solid phases of the clusters the reactions leading to structural changes spontaneously occur upon heating, the reverse transition, when decreasing the temperature, is often hindered because of large undercooling effects and missing nucleation sit...

Based on realistic Monte-Carlo simulations a two-stage beam collimation system is designed to minimize the beam loss in the Fermilab Tevatron for fixed target and collider Run II. Thin primary collimators are used to increase particle amplitude and their impact parameter on the downstream secondary collimators. This results in a significant reduction of the total beam loss in the machine, decre...

Based on results from a field survey campaign, this paper describes three new developments which have been integrated to provide for a comprehensive basis for the evaluation of overheating risk in offices. Firstly, a set of logistic regression equations have been derived to predict the probability of office occupants’ adaptation of personal and environmental characteristics. Secondly, empirical...

Overheating in buildings not only causes discomfort to the occupiers but – if it occurs regularly or over a sustained period – also leads to pressure for the installation of mechanical cooling. In addition to the initial cost and ongoing maintenance requirements of such systems there will be an increase in the overall energy use of the building. This paper investigates the thermal performance o...