background: opioid drugs are the most effective drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. rates of opioid use are influenced by a variety of factors. the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of use of parenteral opioid drugs in hospitalized patients in a referral teaching hospital. methods: in a retrospective study, required data were extracted from medical records of adult ...

Continuous subcutaneous infusions of drugs by syringe driver are used often and successfully in the terminal care of patients when drugs cannot be given orally. Diamorphine is the opioid of choice because of its high solubility. If other drugs such as antiemetics, anticholinergics, sedatives, or steroids are required they may also be given by syringe driver. This method is particularly useful f...

background: poisoning is a serious health problem in the world. in the intentional type, the person may attempt suicide by self-poisoning or may be poisoned by others in a criminal act. the present study was designed to investigate the causes and the frequency of poisoning cases referring to loqman hospital, tehran, iran, during summer 2010. methods: in this descriptive-analytical study, age, g...

PAIN IS A VERY COMMON SYMPTOM in patients with advanced cancer, with a prevalence as high as 80%. The vast majority of patients with cancer pain require opioids for its treatment.1,2 Most patients will require alternatives to the oral route for analgesic administration during the course of their disease, due to a variety of factors such as nausea, vomiting, sedation, delirium, bowel obstruction...

Although many patients experience debilitating pain at the end of life, there are many options to improve analgesia and quality of life. Pain assessment using a validated tool, with attention to patient function and specific goals, helps tailor individual treatment plans. The World Health Organization pain ladder offers a stepwise guideline for approaching pain management. However, for many pat...

C appreciate that there is interplay between the actions of the different subtypes of receptor and hence the value of drugs which target multiple receptor subtypes. Abstract The opioid system comprises four receptor subtypes: m (MOP), k (KOP), d (DOP), now called the ‘classical’ opioid receptors, and the ‘non classical’ nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP). Selective endogenous...

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Given the nationwide opioid epidemic, EM clinicians are in a unique position to address it by increasing use of non-opioid analgesia, prescribing parenteral & oral opioids inED at discharge with care, identifying treating studied cases disorder while they still ED. In side-by-side study NSAIDs (valdecoxib) and opioid/acetaminophen combinations, individuals acute MSK pain ED experienced comp...