The use of cold treatments to kill the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), before eclosionbut allow theparasitoidAnisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) tocompletedevelopment and eclosion was examined. Cold tolerance, crystallization temperature, and developmental stage of rice weevilswere examined at 2-d intervals between 18 and 30d after riceweevil oviposition. Themedian crystallization temperatu...

Parasitoid wasps inject their eggs into host along with virulent factors to manipulate hosts physiology and immune system. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are as molecular chaperones and stress proteins induced by heat, cold, anoxia and parasitism. There was no report about the roles of HSP in insect eggs against egg parasitoids. Here, we studied the expression profiles of several HSPs in silkworm e...

Mortality during the immature development of T. galloi and T. pretiosum was estimated on UV-killed and live eggs of a factitious and a natural host, respectively. A staining technique was used to determine the actual parasitization of UV-treated eggs and was compared with the number of parasitoids that emerged per host egg (detectable parasitization). Effects of temperature as a factor of morta...

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a genetically diverse complex with multiple cryptic species, and some are the most destructive invasive pests of many ornamentals and crops worldwide. Encarsia sophia is an autoparasitoid wasp that demonstrated high efficiency as bio-control agent of whiteflies. However, the immune mechanism of B. tabaci parasitization by E. sophia is unknown. In order to investig...

Studies were undertaken to identify pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh and the wild relative of pigeonpea, Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) (accession ICPW 125,) genotypes that are hospitable to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) for the management of this pest in pigeonpea based crop...

REFERENCES tions arising from the intluences of host and parasitoid phenologies (3). Single values cannot characterize host-parasitoid interactions, and maximum values are unlikely to be typical over longer times or in different areas (4). 4) Contrary to the prediction made by Hawkins et al., successful biological control can result from the use of agents that are characterized by low rates of ...

Endoparasitoids develop inside another insect by regulating host immunity and development via maternal factors injected into hosts during oviposition. Prior results have provided insights into parasitism-induced immunosuppression, including the neuropeptide accumulation in parasitized insects. Nonetheless, our understanding of neuropeptide influence on host development and behavior is not yet c...

The beetle Octodonta nipae (Maulik) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious invasive insect pest of palm plants in southern China, and the endoparasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a natural enemy of this pest that exhibits great ability in the biocontrol of O. nipae. For successful parasitism, endoparasitoids often introduce or secrete various virulence fact...

BACKGROUND Host and parasitoid interaction is one of the most fascinating relationships of insects, which is currently receiving an increasing interest. Understanding the mechanisms evolved by the parasitoids to evade or suppress the host immune system is important for dissecting this interaction, while it was still poorly known. In order to gain insight into the immune response of Tenebrio mol...