background: paraquat dichloride is a highly toxic herbicide which is still used in many developing countries. african cat fish (clarias gariepinus) is a commercially important species in many countries and was selected assess accumulation and elimination of paraquat dichloride in its tissues. methods: groups of ten fish with equal lengths and weights were exposed to varying concentrations of pa...

Background: Paraquat dichloride is a highly toxic herbicide which is still used in many developing countries. African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) is a commercially important species in many countries and was selected assess accumulation and elimination of paraquat dichloride in its tissues. Methods: Groups of ten fish with equal lengths and weights were exposed to varying concentrations of...

Background: Paraquat dichloride is a highly toxic herbicide which is still used in many developing countries. African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) is a commercially important species in many countries and was selected assess accumulation and elimination of paraquat dichloride in its tissues. Methods: Groups of ten fish with equal lengths and weights were exposed to varying concentrations of Pa...

Paraquat (1, r-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium dichloride), a brown syrupy liquid is an effective herbicide that has low chronic toxicity because of its rapid deactivation on contact with soil. A high dose of paraquat or severe poisoning has a poor prognosis. At present there is no specific antidote to paraquat poisoning, hence the need to focus on prevention and in case of exposure or ingestion, aggr...

Soybean (Glycine max.) is one of the most important legumes cultivated worldwide. Its productivity can be altered by some biotic and abiotic stresses like global warming, soil metal pollution or over-application herbicides paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride). In this study, effect oxidative stress produced addition (0, 20, 50 100 µM) during plant growth on symbiotic nitrogen f...

the response of clarias gariepinus to paraquat dichloride, a herbicide that is in high demand in the fragile niger delta ecological zone was investigated. the herbicide had been detected in most of the water bodies in the region. the fishes were exposed to the range of concentrations observed in the field (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) µg/l for 28 days, conducted under the organization for economic co-oper...

The response of Clarias gariepinus to Paraquat dichloride, a herbicide that is in high demand in the fragile Niger Delta ecological zone was investigated. The herbicide had been detected in most of the water bodies in the region. The fishes were exposed to the range of concentrations observed in the field (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) µg/L for 28 days, conducted under the Organization for Economic Co-oper...

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is widely used as a redox cycler to stimulate superoxide production in organisms, cells, and mitochondria. This superoxide production causes extensive mitochondrial oxidative damage, however, there is considerable uncertainty over the mitochondrial sites of paraquat reduction and superoxide formation. Here we show that in yeast and mammalian...

Paraquat (1,1_-dimethyl-4,4_-bipyridinium dichloride), is a foliar-applied and non selective bipyridinium herbicides, and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, controlling weeds in a huge variety of crops like corn, rice, soybean, wheat, potatoes; major fruits: apples, oranges, bananas; beverages: coffee, tea, cocoa; and processed crops: cotton, oil palm, sugarcane and rubber.

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a widely used herbicide and is highly toxic to human and animals. The mechanisms of paraquat toxicity involve the generation of superoxide anion through the process of redox cycling. NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) has been reported to be a major enzyme for one-electron reduction of paraquat that initiates the redox cycling. Re...