background: the most common complication of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is acute pancreatitis. a number of therapeutic trials have been studied due to reduce the occurrence of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (pep) but many of them were unsuccessful. periampullary corticosteroid injection was proposed to use as ...

purpose: to report a case of severe macular edema following the taking of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. case report: a 34-year-old woman with a long history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented complaining of blurred vision in the left eye that started 1 week before the presentation. she had been taking fingolimod for 4 months. she was not diabetic and had no history of uveit...

We report a 13-year-old girl with acute pulmonary edema due to severe acute Mitral regurgitation because of rupture of Mitral valve ́s posteromedial papillary muscle. She had normal mitral valve with necrotic posteromedial papillary muscle, classic aneurysms in left coronary artery, neutrophilic infiltration in the wall of medium-sized vessel of kidney and positive perinuclear antineutrophil cyt...

Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute encephalopathy, characterized by the triad of mental confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and gait ataxia. Many reasons have been reported in etiology that may be related to insufficient intake or malabsorption thiamine. Here, we present a case Wernicke's developed after gastric bypass surgery, whose diagnosis was delayed because there no feature other than papillary ...

We report a case of acute mitral insufficiency due to anterolateral papillary muscle rupture secondary to chest trauma. In our case, mitral valve repair was performed as an alternative to valve replacement, with good results during the immediate postoperative period and follow-up. The patient was a 41-year-old man with nothing remarkable in his medical history. He presented with high-energy fro...