Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus is highly destructive to commercial papaya production. Here, the complete genome sequence was determined for an isolate of papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus, designated PLDMV-DF, infecting the commercialized papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)-resistant transgenic papaya from China. Excluding the 3'-poly (A) tail, the sequence shares high sequence identity to seve...

X chromosomes have long been thought to conserve the structure and gene content of the ancestral autosome from which the sex chromosomes evolved. We compared the recently evolved papaya sex chromosomes with a homologous autosome of a close relative, the monoecious Vasconcellea monoica, to infer changes since recombination stopped between the papaya sex chromosomes. We sequenced 12 V. monoica ba...

Many lines of genetically modified (GM) papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus) have been developed worldwide to resist infection from various strains of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). We found an unidentified and unauthorized GM papaya in imported processed papaya food. Transgenic vector construct that provides resistance to the PRSV strains isolated in Thailand was detected. An original and specific r...

Papaya is a favorite fruit and important industrial raw material in China. It is traditionally planted in southern China. Due to its wide uses and mystical health-related effects, papaya has been listed in fruits of high priority. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the main limitation of papaya production. PRSV infection rate reaches 100% in field in the late season of planting, which considerably...

A wealth of plant species used by humans for different purposes, but mainly as food, originated and domesticated in the Mesoamerican region. Papaya (Carica papaya) is the third most cultivated tropical crop worldwide, and it has been hypothesized that Mesoamerica is the most likely center of its origin and domestication. In support of it, many wild populations of papaya occur throughout Mesoame...

Bacterial canker of papaya (Carica papaya) emerged during the 1980s in different islands of the Caribbean. Nineteen strains of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from papaya were compared to 38 reference and type strains of phytopathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and related bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the papaya strains belonged...

Anthracnose of papaya fruit caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most economically important postharvest diseases. Hot water immersion (HW) and calcium chloride (Ca) treatments have been used to control papaya postharvest diseases; however, the effect of the combination HW-Ca on the pathogen growth and the development of the disease in infected papaya fruit has been...

Papaya (Carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This review focuses on the development of PRSV resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. The genetic diversity of PRSV depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of PRSV disease management on a sequence of PRSV isolates. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance has been employed for the de...

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the most destructive disease of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Taiwan, and transgenic papaya resistant to PRSV and PLDMV (papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus) were developed in Taiwan. Horizontal gene transformation (HGT) of kanamycin resistant gene nptII from transgenic papaya, the persistence of transgenic genes in soil samples, and the influence of transgenic pa...

Using controlled in vivo and in vitro pharmacological methods, we evaluated the safety of papaya (Carica papaya) consumption in pregnancy with reference to its common avoidance during pregnancy in some parts of Asia. Ripe papaya (Carica papaya L. (Caricaecae) blend (500 ml/l water) was freely given to four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats at different stages of gestation (days 1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and...