In many industrial countries, ownership rates of risky assets have risen substantially over the past decade. This trend has potentially wide–ranging implications for the intertemporal and cross–sectional allocation of risk, and for the macro economy, establishing the need for understanding ownership dynamics at the micro level. This paper offers one of the first such analyses using representati...

We show empirically using panel data at the plot and farm level and based on a model incorporating supervision costs, risk, credit-market imperfections and scale-economies associated with mechanization that small-scale farming is inefficient in India. Larger farms are more profitable per acre, more mechanized, less constrained in input use after bad shocks, and employ less per-acre labor than s...

in many statistical systems, a type of survey called “sampling over time” is common, which repeats continuously over time. one method of sampling over time is panel survey. panel survey is a method in which a “fixed sample” is contacted during different waves. the most important challenge in a panel survey is debility in providing response from some sample units and having non-response that usu...

In a panel survey where the same set of questions is asked repeatedly over time, the need to update the survey questionnaire may arise. Knowledge of the quality of earlier responses can be used to improve the questionnaires for subsequent waves. Response rate and item nonresponse can be improved through information obtained in earlier waves. Changes in layout, appearance, number of questions an...

BACKGROUND Early detection of symptoms arising from exposure to pathogens, harmful substances, or environmental changes is required for timely intervention. The administration of Web-based questionnaires is a potential method for collecting information from a sample population. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to develop a Web-based daily questionnaire for health (WDQH) for symptomati...