the presence of bubbles in the markets and its formation has been regarded by economists and they have been looking to develop methods that can be recognized by using appropriate method for the formation of bubbles. in this paper, first, the formation of bubbles is tested using the new unit root test known as phillips test (generalized sup adf test) for 50 companies in the tehran stock exchange...

Categorical outcome (or discrete outcome or qualitative response) regression models are models for a discrete dependent variable recording in which of two or more categories an outcome of interest lies. For binary data (two categories) probit and logit models or semiparametric methods are used. For multinomial data (more than two categories) that are unordered, common models are multinomial and...

This paper empirically assesses the relative role of health plan prices, service quality and optional benefi ts in the decision to choose a health plan. We link representative German SOEP panel data from 2007 to 2010 to (i) health plan service quality indicators, (ii) measures of voluntary benefi t provision on top of federally mandated benefi ts, and (iii) health plan prices for almost all Ger...

This paper links representative enrollee panel data to health plan data on (i) prices, (ii) service quality, and (iii) non-essential benefits for the German statutory multi-payer market and the years 2007 to 2010. We first show that, although heavy federal regulation ensures a simple choice architecture, the majority of health plans are dominated—even when considering four non-price attributes....

Female Labor Market Transitions in Europe Using micro panel data, labor market transitions are analyzed for the EU-member states by cumulative year-by-year transition probabilities. As female (non-)employment patterns changed more dramatically than male employment in past decades, the analyses mainly refer to female labor supply. In search for important determinants of these transitions, six EU...

Non-responses leading to missing data are common in most studies and causes inefficient biased statistical inferences if ignored. When faced with data, many choose employ complete case analysis approach estimate the parameters of model. This however compromises on susceptibility estimates reduced bias minimum variance as expected. Several classical model based techniques imputing values have be...

The paper empirically investigates whether people’s attitude towards the progress in political transformation in Eastern Europe are influenced by economic factors. Thereby it addresses the question of independence between economic and political system. Using a large panel data set, containing about 68000 observations on individuals from 19 countries over 6 years, this question is analysed in th...

How much retirement income is needed in order to maintain one’s living standard at old age? As it is difficult to find a firm basis for an empirical treatment of this question, we employ a novel approach to assessing an adequate replacement rate vis-à-vis income in the pre-retirement period. We subject indications regarding satisfaction with current income as collected in the German Socio-Econo...