At the age of 3.5 years, wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, begin to use hammer and anvil stones to crack oil-palm nuts to get the kernels. To clarify the developmental processes, the authors did a field experiment in which stones and oil-palm nuts were provided. Infant chimpanzees' stone-nut manipulation was observed and video recorded. Data were collected from 3 infants younger than 4 years ...

Palm shell is a waste from palm oil production which shaped like with hard layer character that aims to protect the kernels. The addition of shells concrete an innovation and breakthrough in more productive use waste. In this study, percentage was used, among others, 0%, 7% 14% by weight cement variations water factor (FAS) 0.35, 0.45 0.50. test object used cube (15 x 15 15) cm total 9 objects ...

The objectives of this study were to establish the impact order oil-palm kernel processing variables, namely: moisture content (KMC), heating temperature (KHT), duration (KHD), and particle size (KPS) on palm oil (PKO) yield; develop an empirical model for PKO yield as influenced by KMC, KHT KHD; investigate effect KHD quality; specify levels variables maximum with minimum variability. was unde...

Habitually, capuchin monkeys access encased hard foods by using their canines and premolars and/or by pounding the food on hard surfaces. Instead, the wild bearded capuchins (Cebus libidinosus) of Boa Vista (Brazil) routinely crack palm fruits with tools. We measured size, weight, structure, and peak-force-at-failure of the four palm fruit species most frequently processed with tools by wild ca...

Macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata L.) fruits are emerging sources to produce high-quality oils from pulp and kernels. Yet, the protein-rich press cake kernels remains underutilized, mainly due lacking knowledge of protein composition properties. Therefore, our aim was characterize main fractions The globulins were major fraction (58.5% storage proteins), which further separated into 11 S 7 globu...

The palm oil mill (PKS) is a place that serves as to process fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of into crude (CPO), kernels (kernels), fiber and shells. processing carried out using production machines, one which Screw Press machine [1]. In factory, there are usually problems, at the engine station. most important machines in mills. This study aims identify damage failures occur screw press machines. u...