in traditional medicine,some plants have been used as analysics.the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the analgesic effect of two plants,piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale that are used  traditionally to relieve headache,rheumatic arthritis,and toothache.for this purpose the methanolic extract of zingiber and piper nigrum,in different doses,were injected intraperitonealy to mice and t...

55 patients, who admitted during three month to ccu ward of one academic hospital, participated in this study. 80% of these patients had delay to report of their chest pain and 4% of them had complete failure to report it. reasons for didn’t report of pain and its signs were unawareness of nurse and physician about problem that is occurring and unawareness of patient about need to saying this p...

conclusions the ops is a good stand-alone pain score and is better than the nrs for defining mild and moderate pain. it may even be used to supplement nrs when it is indicative of mild or moderate pain. patient and methods a total of 1021 paired readings of the ops and nrs of 93 patients who underwent laparotomy and used patient-controlled analgesia were evaluated. acute pain service (aps) pers...

background and objectives: prayer is one of the most important religious ordinances and is one of the necessities of islam. in spite of the progression of medicine science, it is sometimes seen that the mundane subjects become hopeless in curing physical diseases and this time, the hopeless man appeals to the lord god. this review study was conducted to examine the positive and negative views r...

abstract   background: low back pain (lbp) is still a medical problem in 21 st century. having back pain and being disabled by it are not the same thing. it is common to come across with patients who have simple back pain but surprisingly totally disabled and vice versa. in clinical practice, it is important to have a proper evaluation of disability and making a clear distinction between pain a...