A self-peptide containing amino acid residues 46-61 (NRGDQSTDYGIFQINSR) of mouse lysozyme (ML) (p46-61, which binds strongly to the A(k) molecule but does not bind to the E(k) molecule), can induce a strong proliferative T cell response in CBA/J mice (A[k], E[k]) but no response at all in B10.A(4R) and CBA/J mice. The critical residues within p46-59 are immunogenic in both B10.A(4R) and CBA/J m...

The germination protease (GPR) of Bacillus megaterium initiates the degradation of small, acid-soluble proteins during spore germination. Trypsin treatment of the 46-kDa GPR zymogen (termed P46) removes an approximately 15-kDa C-terminal domain generating a 30-kDa species (P30) which is stable against further digestion. While P30 is not active, it does autoprocess to a smaller form by cleavage ...

The genome of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae encodes several immunodominant proteins, including a cytosolic protein (p36), three membranous proteins (p46, p65, and p74), and an adhesin (p97). Cross-reactions with M. flocculare and M. hyorhinis reduce the specificity of conventional serological detection methods. However, certain antigenic determinants of the p36 and p46 proteins have been shown to be...

Limited information is available on the surface molecules that are involved in natural killer (NK) cell triggering. In this study, we selected the BAB281 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the basis of its ability to trigger NK-mediated target cell lysis. BAB281 identified a novel NK cell-specific surface molecule of 46 kD (p46) that is expressed by all resting or activated NK cells. Importantly, unl...

We characterized the primase complex of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus. The two proteins, Pfup41 and Pfup46, have similar sequences to the p48 and p58 subunits, respectively, of the eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex. Unlike previously reported primases, the Pfup41 preferentially utilizes deoxyribonucleotides for its de novo synthesis, and moreover, it synthesi...

A conscious rabbit model was used to study the effect of ischemic preconditioning (PC) on stress-activated kinases [c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] in an environment free of surgical trauma and attending external stress. Ischemic PC (6 cycles of 4-min ischemia/4-min reperfusion) induced significant activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-ε in the ...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used as carriers in medicine due to their ability to be functionalized with chemical substances. However, cytotoxicity analysis is required prior to use for in vivo models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of CNTs functionalized with a 46 kDa surface protein from Entamoeba histolytica (P46-CNTs) on J774A macrophages. With this purpose, CNTs ...

The DNA sequence of the gene encoding the early and specific 46-kDa surface antigen (P46) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been determined. The P46 gene, encoding a putative lipoprotein, contained three TGA codons and a single CGG codon in a 1,257-bp open reading frame. Edman degradation of peptide fragments showed that at least one TGA codon encodes tryptophan and that the CGG codon, which has ...

Several cell-damaging effects of ethanol are due to its major metabolite acetaldehyde but its mechanisms are not known. We have studied the effect of acetaldehyde on p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p46/p54 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK 1/2) in rat hepatocytes. Acetaldehyde caused peak activation of p42/44 MAPK at 10 min followed by JNK activation at 1 h. These responses were a...