AIMS To measure and compare the concentration-time profiles of oxazepam and oxazepam glucuronide in blood, serum and oral fluid within the scope of roadside testing. METHODS Biological samples were collected from eight male subjects after ingestion of 15 or 30 mg oxazepam on separate dosing occasions with an interval of 7 days. The concentration-time profiles of oxazepam and oxazepam glucuron...

(R,S)-Oxazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug that is metabolized primarily by hepatic glucuronidation. In previous studies, S-oxazepam (but not R-oxazepam) was shown to be polymorphically glucuronidated in humans. The aim of the present study was to identify UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms mediating R- and S-oxazepam glucuronidation in human liver, with the long term object...

Oxazepam is a commonly used 1,4-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug that is polymorphically metabolized in humans. However, the molecular basis for this phenomenon is currently unknown. We have previously shown that S-oxazepam glucuronide, the major oxazepam metabolite, is selectively formed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B15, whereas the minor R-oxazepam glucuronide is produced by multiple U...

BACKGROUND In alcohol withdrawal, fixed doses of benzodiazepine are generally recommended as a first-line pharmacologic approach. This study determines the benefits of an individualized treatment regimen on the quantity of benzodiazepine administered and the duration of its use during alcohol withdrawal treatment. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial ...

Emotional mimicry and empathy are mechanisms underlying social interaction. Benzodiazepines have been proposed to inhibit empathy and promote antisocial behaviour. First, we aimed to investigate the effects of oxazepam on emotional mimicry and empathy for pain, and second, we aimed to investigate the association of personality traits to emotional mimicry and empathy. Participants (n=76) were ra...

BACKGROUND Drug dependency may develop during long-term benzodiazepine use, indicated, for example, by dose escalation. The first benzodiazepine chosen may affect the risk of dose escalation. AIM To detect possible differences in benzodiazepine use between new users of diazepam and oxazepam over time. DESIGN AND SETTING This 5-year prescription database study included 19 747 new benzodiazep...

OBJECTIVE Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a folk remedy for anxiety. A double-blind randomized trial compared the efficacy of Passiflora incarnata extract with oxazepam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. METHODS The study was performed on 36 out-patients diagnosed with GAD using DSM IV criteria. Patients were allocated in a random fashion: 18 to the Passiflora extract 4...

introduction the sensation of palpitations may either be the initial or the only symptom of cardiac arrhythmia. we describe a case of a visible clear temporal relationship between standard doses of oxazepam and palpitation. case presentation a 48-year-old man presented to the cardiac care unit with systolic heart failure. he was commenced on a medication regimen of routine drugs of patient’s he...

beta-Glucuronidase is an enzyme often employed to de-conjugate beta-glucuronides during urinary drug testing for benzodiazepines. It is commonly accepted that use of beta-glucuronidase is a preferred method of hydrolysis over acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, which is known to induce benzodiazepine degradation and transformation. Literature to date, however, has not reported any cases of benzodiazepin...

In vitro studies using the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation were performed to investigate the effects of diazepam and three of its metabolites on indirectly evoked twitch tension. Diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and temazepam alone caused an increase in twitch tension in lower concentrations, followed by complete depression in higher concentrations. Oxazepam did not cause an initial incr...