Digital watermarks have been proposed in recent literature as the means for copyright protection of multimedia data. In this paper we address the capability of invisible watermarking schemes to resolve copyright ownerships. We will show that rightful ownerships cannot be resolved by current watermarking schemes alone. In addition, in the absence of standardization of watermarking procedures, an...

This study explores the differences in pollution control performances of industrial enterprises with various ownerships in China – State owned (SOE), collectively or community owned (COE), privately owned (POE), foreign directly invested (FDI) companies as well as joint ventures. A survey was conducted of approximately 1000 industrial firms in three provinces in China, which collects the detail...

We propose a type system for a programming language with memory allocation/deallocation primitives, which prevents memory-related errors such as double-frees and memory leaks. The main idea is to augment pointer types with fractional ownerships, which express both capabilities and obligations to access or deallocate memory cells. By assigning an ownership to each pointer type constructor (rathe...

This paper explores a housing market with an existing tenant in each house and where the existing tenants initially rent their houses. The idea is to identify equilibrium prices for the housing market given the prerequisite that a tenant can buy any house on the housing market, including the one that he currently is possessing, or continue renting the house he currently is occupying. The main c...

With profitability acting as a moderator, the goal of this study was to ascertain impact managerial ownerships, free cash flow, and investment opportunities on dividend policy. For study, sample manufacturing firms listed Stock Exchange between 2013 2017 used. This used 12 its during five-year period, making up total 60 companies. Purposive sampling is technique employed. In multiple regression...

Abstract Ownership of forestland in the United States has changed recent decades, including proliferation timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate trusts (REITs), with potential to alter forest supply. This article quantifies ownership transitions among categories between 2007 2017 investigates how why large corporate ownerships own manage their forestlands. were deter...

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is recognized as an enabler to overcome limitations of traditional monolithic application architectures such as efficiently adapting to changing business requirements and external partners with individual systems. However, services within any SOA require broadly accepted service definitions and a systematic management after the design stage. Thus, ownership o...