The paper studies the e¤ect of ownership links among bidders in auctions. Firstly, it is shown that in ...rst-price, in second-price, and in all-pay auctions, ownership links damage both the seller and society; the bidders too may be impaired by the seller’s strategic reaction. Secondly, the optimal selling procedure is characterized: in sharp contrast with standard auctions, both the seller an...

We analyze noncontractible investments in a model with shading. A seller can make an investment that affects a buyer’s value. The parties have outside options that depend on asset ownership. When shading is not possible and there is no contract renegotiation, an optimum can be achieved by giving the seller the right to make a take-it-or-leave-it offer. However, with shading, such a contract cre...

in sale of goods, the delivered goods must conform both to what is the subject of contract and to what the parties intend. conformity of goods has two aspects: legal and material. the legal aspect, with which this article concerns, consist of such topics as right of sale, ownership of seller, lack of third party’s claim and so on .since domestic and international transactions are increasing, th...

Digital watermarking protocols are the one, which have combined fingerprinting technique with watermarking, for embedding digital signal or watermark into an original multimedia object. Buyer-seller watermarking protocol is fundamentally applied to continue the digital rights of both buyers and seller. We proposed an identity-based buyer-seller watermarking protocol that encounters various weak...

Petroleum products bought and sold on the world wide market may be transported over thousands of miles and change ownership many times from the well head to the end user. Each time the product changes ownership, a “custody transfer” is completed and both buyer and seller expect their asset share to be accurately measured. The dynamic measurement provided by meters is a convenient and accurate m...

Bidding rules that guarantee procedural fairness may induce more equilibrium bidding and moderate other-regarding concerns. In our experiment, we assume commonly known true values and only two bidders to implement a best-case scenario for other-regarding concerns. The two-bytwo factorial design varies ownership of the single indivisible commodity (an outside seller versus collective ownership) ...

We point out an equivalence between a class of games in which players negotiate while fighting and buyer seller over terms. Importantly perhaps ironically, bargaining before is strategically distinct from change ownership but equivalent to ownership. These connections intuition models bilateral trade help shed light on two mechanisms for learning frighting: inference based observing strategic c...

This study examines the effects of government innovation subsidies under different combinations market power (i.e., relationship between enterprises, upstream suppliers, and downstream customers) types ownership from perspective contemporary marketing microenvironment. Based on panel data listed Chinese manufacturing companies 2009 to 2018, empirical results show that, in case higher buyer powe...

We report on data from a revelatory qualitative case study of a failed attempt to form an international joint venture (IJV) agreement. We analyze issues related to distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational fairness and the roles of their occurrence in the course of the formation stage of an IJV. We find that perceptions of fairness types shape the partners’ decision making logi...