A number of biological systems can be modelled by Markov chains. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about when biological systems modelled by Markov chains will perform a dynamic phenomenon called overshoot. In this study, the authors found that the steady-state behaviour of the system will have a great effect on the occurrence of overshoot. They showed that overshoot in general can...

Endocytosis overshoot, which retrieves more membrane than vesicles just being exocytosed, occurs at nerve terminals and non-neuronal secretory cells. The mechanism that retrieves the overshoot membrane pool and the role of this pool remain largely unknown. We addressed this issue at the rat calyx of Held nerve terminal with capacitance measurements. We found that every calyx contained an oversh...

Three quite different types of overshoot occur in saccadic eye movements; each has unique characteristics determined by distinct neuronal control patterns. Most saccades have dynamic overshoot; it is more prevalent among, and more prominent in, small saccades. Dynamic overshoot is caused by nonrandom reversals of the neuronal control signals. It is a monocular phenomenon. The return velocities ...

BACKGROUND Transient increases (overshoot) in respiratory gas variables have been observed during exercise recovery, but their clinical significance is not clearly understood. Our group evaluated the relationship between the presence of overshoot of respiratory gas variables and the parameters obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 227 patients wit...

The concept of overshoot has already been considered for numerous cases in stellar evolution calculations. We explore the consequences of overshoot at the convection zone which forms during the He-flash (thermal pulse) in AGB stars. We find dramatic changes for the abundances within the intershell region as well as for the mechanism of the 3 dredge-up. That means that both the predicted evoluti...

Velocity overshoot of inversion layer electrons and holes is studied experimentally and analytically in special test structures with nominally uniform electric field. The data were used to calibrate energy relaxation parameters in a commercial simulator MEDIC1 ver. 2.0. We propose an analytical model for velocity overshoot and show that it agrees well with experimental data. The amount of hole ...

We present a comprehensive set of stellar evolution models for Procyon A in an effort to guide future measurements of both traditional stellar parameters and seismic frequencies towards constraining the amount of core overshoot in Procyon A and possibly other stars. Current observational measurements of Procyon A when combined with traditional stellar modeling only place a large upper limit on ...

conclusions considering iran’s economic condition during the last five years, the catastrophic health expenditure headcount ratio was more than 2% in iran. materials and methods this descriptive study on iranian rural and urban households was conducted from april to june 2015. the sample sizes were 19437 rural and 18888 urban households that iranian statistical centre (isc) selected them throug...