the study examines the effects of awareness of fertilizer subsidy on the yield of crops among rural farmers in ghana. random sampling was used to select six communities and 10 households per community. they include bawku, navrongo, tolon kumbungu and walewale from the northern part and ejura and atebubu in the southern part of ghana. primary data were collected from the sampled household by adm...

  The study examines the effects of awareness of fertilizer subsidy on the yield of crops among rural farmers in Ghana. Random sampling was used to select six communities and 10 households per community. They include Bawku, Navrongo, Tolon kumbungu and Walewale from the Northern part and Ejura and Atebubu in the Southern part of Ghana. Primary data were collected from the sampled household by ...

In component-based software development, gluing of two software components is usually achieved by defining an interface specification, and creating wrappers on components to support the interface. We believe that interface specification provides useful information for specializing components. An interface may define constraints on a component’s inputs, as well as on its outputs. In this paper, ...

The aim of a probabilistic output analysis is to derive a probability distribution of possible output values for a program from a probability distribution of its input. We present a method for performing static output analysis, based on program transformation techniques. It generates a probability function as a possibly uncomputable expression in an intermediate language. This program is then a...

theory of computation, randomized algorithms, straight-line programs, output-polynomial algorithms Inputless straight-line programs using addition, subtraction and multiplication are considered. An output-polynomial algorithm is given for computing the output of such a program. The program runs in time polynomial in the length of the program and the length of its output. As a consequence, even ...

Efficient program path exploration is important for many software engineering activities such as testing, debugging and verification. However, enumerating all paths of a program is prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we develop a partitioning of program paths based on the program output. Two program paths are placed in the same partition if they derive the output similarly, that is, the sym...