This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

This research uses fMRI to understand the role of eight cortical regions in a relatively complex information-processing task. Modality of input (visual versus auditory) and modality of output (manual versus vocal) are manipulated. Two perceptual regions (auditory cortex and fusiform gyrus) only reflected perceptual encoding. Two motor regions were involved in information rehearsal as well as pr...

Advances in information technologies are producing a very large number of possible interface modality combinations which are potentially useful for the expression and exchange of information in humancomputer interaction. However, a principled basis for analysing arbitrary input/output modality types and combinations as to their capabilities of information representation and exchange is still la...

The present experiment examined the effects of input/output modality pairings on dual-task performance using the psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure. Four groups of participants performed two tasks composed of the same sets of inputs (visual and auditory) and the same sets of outputs (manual and vocal), but with different input/output modality pairings. Whereas modality pairings had...

The modality effect in immediate recall refers to superior recall of the last few items within lists presented in spoken as opposed to printed form. The locus of this well-known effect has been unclear. N. Cowan, J. S. Saults, E. M. Elliott, and M. Moreno (2002) introduced a new method to distinguish between the effects of input serial position, output serial position, and the number of items y...

This research describes which modalities are preferred in particular contexts when interacting with a multi-modal dialogue system. The trade-off between three factors is investigated: (i) speech recognition performance, (ii) efficiency of input modality and (iii) the system’s output modality. Four versions were developed of a multimodal examinator to be used in elementary school. The versions d...

1 Abstract The ANGELICA project addresses the problem of modality choice in information presentation by embodied, human like agents. The output modalities available to such agents include both language and various nonverba l signals such as pointing and gesturing. For each piece of information to be presented by the agent it must be decided whether it should be expressed using language, a nonve...

elemental diets have been used widely in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, especially with the management of crohn's disease. this modality of diets provide all essential nutrients, and contain protein in the form of free amino acids that are theoretically easily absorbed. a high output ileostomy is a rare complication of surgery that is difficult to treat. treatments include anti-di...