Photogrammetry is becoming a highly efficient alternative technique to laser-scanning for creating virtual outcrop models. It is easy to create a 3-dimensional digital model of an outcrop and extract geological information contained in it by using photos taken from different locations and integrating few free and/or cheap software. Subsequently, both the virtual outcrop and the geological data ...

[1] Systematic differences in sediment thermal and pore water chemical profiles from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1363 document mixing and reaction within the basaltic crust adjacent to Grizzly Bare outcrop, a site of hydrothermal recharge into 3.6 My-old basaltic crust. A transect of seven holes was drilled ~50 m to ~750 m away from the base of the outcrop. Temperatures at the sedim...

Conventional fracture data collection methods are usually implemented on planar surfaces or assuming they are planar; these methods may introduce sampling errors on uneven outcrop surfaces. Consequently, data collected on limited types of outcrop surfaces (mainly bedding surfaces) may not be a sufficient representation of fracture network characteristic in outcrops. Recent development of techni...

[1] Systematic variations in pore water chemical and thermal profiles from sediment gravity cores indicate the presence of a ‘‘cool’’ (10–20 C) ridge-flank hydrothermal system within basement surrounding Dorado outcrop, a small basaltic edifice on 23 Ma seafloor of the Cocos Plate. Dorado outcrop is located within a 14,500-km region of cool seafloor, where 60–90% of the lithospheric heat is rem...

[1] Multispectral measurements in the visible and near infrared of rocks at Meridiani Planum by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity’s Pancam are described. The Pancam multispectral data show that the outcrops of the Burns formation consist of two main spectral units which in stretched 673, 535, 432 nm color composites appear buffand purple-colored. These units are referred to as the HFS and ...

Introduction: The Opportunity rover landed in Eagle Crater in Meridiani Planum on January 24, 2004. Among the first images acquired included a light-toned rock that was the first outcrop observed from the surface of Mars. As seen in Pancam and Microscopic Imager images [1,2], the outcrop rock is layered, and portions exhibit fine-scale morphology similar to terrestrial ripple marks [3]. The out...

Most seafloor hydrothermal circulation occurs far from the magmatic influence of mid-ocean ridges, driving large flows of water, heat and solutes through volcanic rock outcrops on ridge flanks. Here we create three-dimensional simulations of ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation, flowing between and through seamounts, to determine what controls hydrogeological sustainability, flow rate and prefe...

Oil sands are surface exposed in river valley outcrops in northeastern Alberta, where flat slabs (tablets) of weathered, bitumen-saturated sandstone can be retrieved from outcrop cliffs or from riverbeds. Although the average yearly surface temperature of this region is low (0.7°C), we found that the temperatures of the exposed surfaces of outcrop cliffs reached 55 to 60°C on sunny summer days,...

The results of a comparison between two different submarine mass wasting events, using differing methods of investigation are presented in this study. Remotely sensed geophysical data types, such as 3D seismic, can be used to image and analyze large-scale examples. The strengths of such techniques lie in the ability to image large areas (i.e. 10’s of sq km), allowing consideration of the broad-...