increasingly, aq qoyunlu rule and ottoman empire were inclined to contradict in the half of 9th/15th century. access to central anatolia for aq qoyunlu was a pivotal enterprise by which could develop its commercial ties. in contrast, ottomans tried to counteract the aq qoyunlu strives and thwarted its close relation with venice since ottomans regarded the latter as an archenemy in europe. forem...

Abstract This article queries the sociopolitical implications of a wave popular interest in legacy Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) post-2013 Egypt. Although era’s sultans have traditionally been derided mainstream culture as tyrannical ‘foreign’ leaders, they recently reframed last nationalist rulers before Ottoman invasion. revised characterization underpins newfound fascination with their socio-po...

India shares excellent historical, cultural, and diplomatic contacts with the Ottomans. India’s connections Ottoman Empire could be traced at least from capture of Istanbul in 1453. The Sultans functioned as Caliph for nearly 80 million Mohammedans during 19th century, revered their control over holy places such Jerusalem, Mecca, Medina. Mohammedan society within heavily sympathized Turkiye’s c...

By the early 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had emerged as a major military power in Southeastern Europe and the Middle East. The Ottomans were feared and admired by contemporaneous Europeans from Niccol6 Machiavelli to Ivan Peresvetov. The latter regarded the empire of Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1444-46, 1451-81) as a model to be emulated by his own ruler, Ivan IV of Muscovy (r. 1547-84), and inde...

neo-ottomanism in recent decades has been among the most controversial political debates in related academies and literature. frequent references to it by turkish officials in recent years, multiplied its importance in international relations. the term obviously owes its significance to the ottoman empire era, and accordingly, a sufficient analysis on the challenges of the empire during its las...