With the increasing expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of urban dwellers and the resulting problems, it is becoming increasingly necessary to provide facilities for the well-being of citizens. Today, the importance and role of urban furniture in urban service and beautification is not hidden from anyone, and urban furniture is one of the essential and inseparable compo...

nowadays,tourism industry considered as one of the main sources of income of a country.unfortunately and despite of owning plenty of cultural historical and natural attractions, iran has not reached to a proper position in this field. besides, the historical cities of a country are considered as the income resource and national wealth of it. qazvin with a rich cultural precedent, have suitable ...

if the precise implementation of the principle of proportion and:balance between the violation and the penalty as well as the other dimensions could be considered as a stick yard for the imptementation of justice any lack of preciseness in carrying out such principle would not indeed be much too far from injustice . naturally ,if it would be imagined that the objective of balance between...

Introduction: The impact of environmental conditions on public and mental health, has been proven in several studies. Meanwhile, the role of furniture and the enjoyment of urban spaces has been particularly noted by the interest of urban planners and health policymakers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between statuses of urban furniture, the amount of urban space and...

The impact of tourism on urban structures and spaces has led tourism to be of particular importance to urban management, and suggests to city managers that improving the quality of these spaces and creating suitable facilities for tourists such as residential centers, recreation areas, and the provision of equipment and modern furniture may urban attract visitors to urban public spaces and ulti...

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

today the image of a permanent skeletal space of cities affected by some forces or mechanisms is put in time with social-economic development and while imposes a new face and perspective to physical anatomy of cities, and prepares field to changes in content and social- economic structures of cities too. simultaneously with quitting villages in order to settle in cities by villagers, the phen...

The color is one of the forgotten elements in designing urban spaces that can provide legible and harmonic environment for citizens in Islamic cities, according to the principles, values, beliefs and natural and climatic features. Unfortunately, the rapid growth of the urbanization phenomenon in recent decades, especially in developing countries, has dramatically changed the urban landscape, th...

The objective of this study was to investigate the demand of food and nonfood commodities among urban and rural households. To this aim, an appropriate functional form and approximation index were established. Then, Deaton and Mulbaer Iterative (DMI) approach as a linear approximation of Almost Ideal Demand System was used. The study horizon was also 1362-1383(1983-2004). The findings revealed ...