fiber metal laminates (fmls) are new composite materials consisting of thin metal layers and high strength composite layers. arall (aramid aluminum laminate) is a family of the fml that consists of thin aluminum sheets along with kevlar/epoxy composite layers. this material has many advantages such as light weight, excellent corrosion, fatigue and impact resistance. since, arall is a new materi...

in this work, an inverse finite element formulation was modified for considering material anisotropy in obtaining blank shape and forming severity of deep drawn orthotropic parts. in this procedure, geometry of final part and thickness of initial blank sheet were known. after applying ideal forming formulations between material points of initial blank and final shape, an equation system was obt...

The goal of this contribution is the development of a plane stress orthotropic plasticity material model for clear spruce wood. Such a model has to consider an initially linear elastic domain as well as hardening and softening behaviour at higher states of stress and strain, respectively. Combining the advantage of a smooth single-surface plasticity model with the identification of distinct har...

In this work, an inverse finite element formulation was modified for considering material anisotropy in obtaining blank shape and forming severity of deep drawn orthotropic parts. In this procedure, geometry of final part and thickness of initial blank sheet were known. After applying ideal forming formulations between material points of initial blank and final shape, an equation system was obt...

A phenomenological theory is presented for describing the anisotropic plastic flow of orthotropic polycrystalline aluminum sheet metals under plane stress. The theory uses a stress exponent, a rate-dependent effective flow strength function, and five anisotropic material functions to specify a flowpotential, an associated flow rule of plastic strain rates, a flow rule of plastic spin, and an ev...

Plasticity in crown architecture, contributing to leaf arrangement within crown, is an important feature for whole plant carbon assimilation and survival. In this study, I examined the plasticity in crown architecture to light condition and developmental stage by the changes in shoot production. Rhododendron reticulatum expands crown with orthotropic growth in monopodial branching in young stag...

• A constitutive material model is developed to nonlinear behaviour of timber. Orthotropic stress–strain relationship used in the linear elastic phase. Under compression a based on Hoffman yield criterion and plastic potential used. Isotropic strain hardening during deformation incorporated into criterion. Tensile damages all three grain directions are established using damage factors fracture ...

A new monolithic solution scheme for thermo-elasto-plasticity and thermo-elasto-plastic frictional contact with finite deformations and finite strains is presented. A key feature is the reformulation of all involved inequality constraints, namely those of Hill’s orthotropic yield criterion as well as the normal and tangential contact constraints, in terms of non-smooth nonlinear complementarity...