A new method for the fabrication of microscale features in thermoplastic substrates is presented. Unlike traditional thermoplastic microfabrication techniques, in which bulk polymer is displaced from the substrate by machining or embossing, a unique process termed orogenic microfabrication has been developed in which selected regions of a thermoplastic surface are raised from the substrate by a...

Recently published model of the global redox carbon cycle [1] asserts that cycle is a recurring sequence of related processes on the Earth. The sequence is called the orogenic cycle and consists of short-term orogenic and long-term geosynclynal periods. The orogenic period of the cycle is characterized with intense volcanism, magmatism and mountain building. The geosynclynal period is character...

The so-called ‘mesothermal’ gold deposits are associated with regionally metamorphosed terranes of all ages. Ores were formed during compressional to transpressional deformation processes at convergent plate margins in accretionary and collisional orogens. In both types of orogen, hydrated marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks have been added to continental margins during tens to some 100 milli...

Paleovalleys are components of regional unconformities that provide important constraints on the tectonic evolution of orogenic systems. Some paleovalleys represent canyons cut through deformed strata. Others comprise linear rift-valleys filled with lakes, streams, or alluvium. Locally preserved fluvial and alluvial gravel may directly link source regions to depositional basins, providing timel...

High-quality seismic data recorded during the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw=7.6) show that a smallscale orogenic process of both mountain-building and crust-thickening was simultaneously accomplished along one set of crustal-scale conjugated faults. Mountain-building near the surface was primarily produced by the main shock along an eastward low-angle thrust fault in the upper crust. In th...

The flora of Mexico includes about 119 endemic or nearly endemic genera of Asteraceae. In this study, the genera are listed and their distribution patterns among the floristic provinces of Mexico analyzed. Results indicate strong affinities of the endemic genera for mountainous and arid or semiarid regions. Since its first appearance in Mexico, the Asteraceae diversified into these kinds of hab...