some western scholars of shiite studies believe thatthe chief principle of justice in twelver shia islam or imamiyyah is rooted in mo’tazalediscourse while this principle has its roots in imam ali’s (as) theoretical and practical instructions. justice in imam ali’s view has an epistemological status which initiates from allah’s justice attribute; then it streams in cosmology; and after all it i...

Abstract The epistemic virtues and vices are typically defined in terms of effects or motivations related to the states their possessors. However, philosophers have recently begun consider other-regarding virtues, traits oriented toward flourishing others. In a similar vein, this paper discusses outward-facing vices, properties languishing I argue for existence both reliabilist responsibilist i...

In this paper, we embark on the complicated discussion about nature of vice in Virtue Ethics through a twofold approach: first, by taking seriously claim that virtues (and certain flavours vices) are genuinely dispositional features possessed agents, and secondly, employing pluralistic attitude borrowed from Battaly’s pluralism (2008). Through these lenses, identify three varieties viciousness:...

Monetary intertemporal tradeoffs are a restricted, yet underexplored, domain. In this extended abstract, we provide an integrative analysis of monetary tradeoffs involving single dated outcomes, unmixed sequences, virtues (schedules of investment), and vices (schedules of debt). Results include debt aversion, aversion to vices (which adds to debt aversion) and relative vices, and attraction to ...

Many environmental problems are longitudinal collective action problems. They arise from the cumulative unintended effects of a vast amount of seemingly insignificant decisions and actions by individuals who are unknown to each other and distant from each other. Such problems are likely to be effectively addressed only by an enormous number of individuals each making a nearly insignificant cont...

What qualities make a political leader more or less influential? Philosophers, political scientists, and psychologists have puzzled over this question, and have posited two opposing routes to political power—one driven by human virtues such as courage and wisdom, and the other by vices such as Machiavellianism and psychopathy. From the nonverbal coding of political speeches, we assessed the vir...

Many of the most significant choices that people make are between vices, which exchange small immediate rewards for large delayed costs, and virtues, which exchange small immediate costs for large delayed rewards. We investigate the consequences of making a series of such choices either simultaneously or sequentially. We made two predictions. First, because many alternatives chosen under simult...