Organotin compound that have at least one Sn-C bond have wide commercial applications as PVC stabilizer, antifouling agent in paint and as agrochemicals. The general formula for organotin compounds is R4SnX4 - n where R is normally alkyl or aryl groups and X=Cl-, OH-, CH3COO- . If n=3, the compound has the highest toxicity, for example Et3SnOAC has LD 50 4mg/Kg ( rats ) and this is the m...

Five new organotin(IV) complexes of ortho-vanillin2-hydrazinopyridine hydrazone with formula [RnSnCl4–n(VHP)] [R = Me2, n = 2 (2); R = Ph2, n = 2 (3); R= nBu2, n = 2 (4); R = nBu, n = 2 (5) and R = 1, n = 0 (6)] have been synthesized by direct reaction of orthovanillin-2-hydrazinopyridine hydrazone [(VHP), (1)], base and organotin(IV) chloride(s) in absolute methanol. The hydrazone ligand [(VHP...

According to Ross (1), there are three main areas in which organotin compounds have product and process utility: (1) heat stabilizers; (2) catalytic agents; (3) biocidal compounds. Organotin derivatives account for the fourth largest production of organometallics amounting to about 3-4 million pounds per year as compared with about 485 million pounds per year for organolead compounds. Originall...

Tin and organotin compounds have been identified in at least 214 and 8 sites, respectively, of the 1,662 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2004). However, the number of sites evaluated for tin and organotin compounds is not known. The frequency of these sites can be seen in Figures 6-1 and 6-2, respectively. All sites w...

Introduction Organotin compounds have been used since the 1960s as an effective antifouling agent in paints applied to ships and aquaculture nets in the marine environment. However, organotin compounds cause damage to nontarget marine organisms by leaching from the coating applied to boat hulls into the marine environment. For Sn analyses, speciation of the organotin compounds has been of great...

The environmental impact of metal complexes such as organotin(IV) compounds is of increasing concern. Genotoxic effects of organotin(IV) compounds (0.01 mug/ml, 0.1 mug/ml or 1.0 mug/ml) were measured using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay to measure DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to determine micronucleus formation....

Tin(IV) and organotin(IV) compounds, a deceptively simple area of inorganic and metal-organic chemistry, have been receiving more attention due to the important industrial (Tammy and Georges, 2005) and environmental applications. Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur donor ligands have been used to enhance the biological activity of organotin derivatives (Mohammad et al., 2004; Jason et al., 2000). Also...

Organotin compounds result from the addition of organic moieties to inorganic tin.Thus, one or more tin-carbon bonds exist in each organotin molecule. The organo-tin compounds are ubiquitous in the environment. Organotin compounds have many uses, including those as fungicides and stabilizers in plastics, among others in industry. The widespread use of organotins as antifouling agents in boat pa...

Three organotin(IV) complexes containing ciprofloxacin as a ligand (Ph₃SnL, Me₂SnL₂ and Bu₂SnL₂; 0.5% by weight) were used as additives to inhibit the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride films (40 µm thickness) upon irradiation with ultraviolet light (λmax = 313 at a light intensity = 7.75 × 10-7 ein dm-3 S-1) at room temperature. The efficiency of organotin(IV) complexes as photostabilizers...

organotin compound that have at least one sn-c bond have wide commercial applications as pvc stabilizer, antifouling agent in paint and as agrochemicals. the general formula for organotin compounds is r4snx4 - n where r is normally alkyl or aryl groups and x=cl-, oh-, ch3coo- . if n=3, the compound has the highest toxicity, for example et3snoac has ld 50 4mg/kg ( rats ) and this is the most tox...