background: edifenphos, a kind of organophosphate toxins, is used as agricultural fungicides in rice fields. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of temperature on lethal concentration of exposure to edifenphos on rutilus frisii kutum (caspian kutum). methods: the experiment was carried out in static condition and based on instructions of oecd within 10 d under controlled water physic...

In this review article, we show that occurrence of fungicide resistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Fungicide resistance may be due to mutations of genes encoding fungicide targets (qualitative fungicide resistance) or to different mechanisms that are induced by sub-lethal fungicide stress. These mechanisms result in different and varying levels of resistance (qua...

objective: organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) is a homodimeric enzyme that can hydrolyze phosphoester bonds and reduce the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds. this makes oph a suitable element for the biodegradation of these compounds. methods: we successfully cloned the oph gene from pseudomonas diminuta, after optimization for pichia pastoris, into a yeast expression vector (ppiczαb). afte...

Fungicide resistance in dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is a common problem on golf courses in North America (Figure 1) (2), and managing fungicide resistance is a complex and controversial topic (1,4). With dollar spot, the question of whether to use the same fungicide until resistance develops or to rotate different chemistries and tank mixtures has not been defi nitively answer...

The identification of fungicide residues on crop foliage is necessary to make periodic pest management decisions. The determination of fungicide residue identities currently is difficult and time consuming using conventional chemical analysis methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Different fungicide types produce unique electronic aroma signature patterns when headspace volatile...

Organophosphorus poisoning is common in rural Asia. Clinical features result from overactivity of acetylcholine receptors. Blackish discoloration of urine is not a feature of organophosphorus poisoning. Only one case of black colored urine following quinalphos poisoning has been reported in literature. We report two cases of organophosphorus poisoning from two different compounds, following whi...

The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is the largest producer of oat in Brazil with the aid of consolidated breeding programs, which are constantly releasing new cultivars. The main objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the annual genetic progress in grain yield and hectoliter weight of the oat cultivars in RS, with and without fungicide use on aerial parts of plants; and 2) evaluate the ...

Direct, selective, rapid and simple determination of organophosphate pesticides has been achieved by integrating organophosphorus hydrolase with electrochemical and opitical transducers. Organophosphorus hydrolase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphate compounds, releasing an acid and an alcohol that can be detected directly. This article reviews development, characterizati...

HWANG, B. K., and H. S. CHUNG. 1977. Acquired tolerance to Blasticidin-S in Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 67: 421-424. Thirteen naturally-occurring isolates of Pyricularia oryzae transfers on fungicide-free media. Successive monoconidial varied in tolerance to Blasticidin-S [l-(1'-cytosinyl)-4-[L-3'cultures of Bu7 were genetically homogeneous for tolerance. amino-5-(l"-N-methylguanidino) v...