one of the greatest problems for managers during the last century was the diversification between individual and organizational goals management scholars was always looking for a solution for this conflict. although these goals sometime are convergent but in many cases this problem results in low degree in performance of the organization. this article is trying to present a molel for unificatio...

organizational cynicism is one of the issues that attract the interest of behavioral scholars and scientists because of its impact on the organizational performance. the goal of this research is measuring the level of organizational cynicism in employees of qom universities. in terms of goal, this is an applied research while it is a descriptive survey-type in terms of data collection method. t...

In this paper, we extend the standard data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to include longer term top management goals. This extension is in recognition of the fact that benchmarking for decision making units (DMUs) is more than a purely monitoring process, and includes a component of future planning. The new model uses a goal programming structure to find points on the efficient frontier whic...

The base line model in scholarly research on decision-making has usually been a rational model where the inherent ideology is value maximization through efficiency and effectiveness. However, other decision models have been needed to explain those organizational choices that do not satisfy the conditions of rationality. In this paper automatic decision making, or automaticity, is argued to be o...