Introduction Organic osmolytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myelinolysis because some of them are accumulated slowly during correction of chronic hyponatremia. I investigated whether there was a topographic correlation between demyelinative lesions and the regional changes of organic osmolytes after rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. In normal female Sprague-Dawley rats, c...

Previous studies indicated that Tylenchulus semipenetrans infection reduced concentrations of inorganic osmolytes, (Na, Cl, K), in roots, along with leaf K in citrus. However, infection increased leaf Na and Cl, along with carbohydrates in roots. Pruning of roots also increased carbohydrates in intact roots, whereas shoot pruning increased carbohydrates in shoots. Carbohydrates are translocated...

The capacity of cells to correct their volume in response to hyposmotic stress via the efflux of inorganic and organic osmolytes is well documented. However, the ability of cell-surface receptors, in particular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to regulate this homeostatic mechanism has received much less attention. Mechanisms that underlie the regulation of cell volume are of particular imp...

tobacco is a salt-sensitive glycophyte crop species. in this work effect of silicone (si) supplementation (1 mm as na2sio3) was studied in nicotiana rustica l. cv. basmas grown hydroponically in growth chamber under control, low (25 mm) and high (75 mm) nacl concentration for two weeks. dry matter production of leaves was depressed by salinity level as low as 25 mm and higher salt concentration...

The cells in the renal medulla protect themselves from the extracellular hypertonicity in that region of the kidney by accumulating large amounts of sorbitol, inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, and betaine. The system is uniquely active in this part of the body, but it represents a throwback to primitive mechanisms by which cells in virtually all organisms, including bacteria, yeasts, plants, ...

BACKGROUND Hyperosmotic stress causes cell death through activation of apoptotic pathways if the protective osmolyte response is impaired. In this study we attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hypertonicity-induced apoptosis and the effect of major organic osmolytes upon those. METHODS Hypertonicity-induced changes in Bcl2-family protein abundance and the presence of cytochrome c ...

It is well-known that the typical protein’s three-dimensional structure is relatively unstable in harsh conditions. A practical approach to maintain the folded state and thus improve the stability and activity of proteins in unusual circumstances is to directly apply stabilizing substances such as osmolytes to the protein-containing solutions. Osmolytes as natural occurring organic molecules ty...

It is well-known that the typical protein’s three-dimensional structure is relatively unstable in harsh conditions. A practical approach to maintain the folded state and thus improve the stability and activity of proteins in unusual circumstances is to directly apply stabilizing substances such as osmolytes to the protein-containing solutions. Osmolytes as natural occurring organic molecules ty...

Halophilic microbes living in hypersaline environments must counteract the detrimental effects of low water activity and salt interference. Some halophilic prokaryotes equilibrate their intracellular osmotic strength with the extracellular milieu by importing inorganic solutes, mainly potassium. These "salt-in" organisms characteristically have proteins that are highly enriched with acidic and ...