introduction: it has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. in the present study the role of nmda receptors located in hippocampal ca1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. methods: male rats were divided into 4 groups. two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal ca1 area. after 5 days recovery, a...

abstract: ِintroduction: the effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. so in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (no) and morphine in ca3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. methods: after anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in ca3 of hippocampus. after recove...

Abstract: ِIntroduction: The effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. So in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (NO) and morphine in CA3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. Methods: After anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in CA3 of hippocampus. After reco...

Ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid has been shown to enhance opioid-mediated analgesia in rats produced by morphine injection, footshock, vaginal/cervical stimulation, and during late pregnancy. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of amniotic fluid ingestion on the characteristics of morphine dependency and withdrawal. Tail-flick latencies in Long-Evans rats were det...

background: a large proportion of patients presenting with lumbar disc disease are opium addicts in our region. it was, therefore, hypothesized that morphine might affect the intervertebral disc. we investigated the histological findings of morphine dependency on intervertebral discs in rat.   methods: forty nmri adult male rats (230-250 g) placed on ordinary diet and received aqueous solution ...

Background: A large proportion of patients presenting with lumbar disc disease are opium addicts in our region. It was, therefore, hypothesized that morphine might affect the intervertebral disc. We investigated the histological findings of morphine dependency on intervertebral discs in rat. Methods: Forty NMRI adult male rats (230-250 g) placed on ordinary diet and received aqueous solution of...

Background: Opioids may affect hypothalamic GnRH secretion and Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Gonad axis, resulting in reproductive disturbances. Current study investigates the effects of morphine on structure of ovary following superovulalion through morphologic/morphometric studies. Methods: Twelve young female NMRI mice were allocated into treatment and control groups. Treatment group received oral...

Endogenous opioid system agonists exert amnestic effects in different models of memory. It has been suggested that these amnestic effects may be linked indirectly to state-dependent learning. Accordingly pre-training administration of morphine can impair the retrieval of learned tasks in a state dependent manner, which is reversible by pre test morphine administration. In this study, state depe...