when the degree of saturation at intersection approaches one, webster’s optimum cycle length equation becomes inapplicable, because the cycle length will becomes very big when the degree of saturation approaches one and will be fully unrealistic when the degree of saturation becomes greater than one. this is not a problem for hcm2000 method. but optimum cycle length calculation in this method h...

When the degree of saturation at intersection approaches one, Webster’s optimum cycle length equation becomes inapplicable, because the cycle length will becomes very big when the degree of saturation approaches one and will be fully unrealistic when the degree of saturation becomes greater than one. This is not a problem for HCM2000 method. But optimum cycle length calculation in this method h...

The mechanical power output was measured from scaphognathite (SG = gill bailer) muscle L2B of the crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The work was determined from the area of the loop formed by plotting muscle length against force when the muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length change (strain) and phasic stimulation in the length cycle. The stimulation pattern (10 stimuli per burst, burst length = 20...

1. The mechanical power output of a synchronous insect muscle was determined by measuring tension as the muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length change and stimuli which occurred at selected phases of the length cycle. The area of the loop formed by plotting muscle tension against length over a full cycle is the work done on that cycle; the work done times the cycle frequency is the mechanica...

In this paper, the classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model is developed for non-instantaneous deteriorating items by considering a relationship between the holding cost and the ordering cycle length. Two models are developed. First, the proposed model is considered when backorders are not permitted and this condition is waived for the second case. The cost functions associated with t...

Anti-collision mechanisms in RFID, including current standards, are variations of Aloha and Frame Slotted Aloha (FSA). The identification process starts when the reader announces the length of a frame (in number of slots). Tags receive the information and randomly choose a slot in that cycle to transmit their identifier number. The best performance of FSA always requires working with the optimu...

For a graph G, the P2-path graph, P2(G), has for vertices the set of all paths of length 2 in G. Two vertices are connected when their union is a path or a cycle of length 3. We present lower bounds on the edge-connectivity, (P2(G)) of a connected graph G and give conditions for maximum connectivity. A maximally edge-connected graph is superif each minimum edge cut is trivial, and it is optimum...

Fast muscle fibres were isolated from abdominal myotomes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) ranging in size from 10 to 63 cm standard length (Ls). Muscle fibres were subjected to sinusoidal length changes about their resting length (Lf) and stimulated at a selected phase of the strain cycle. The work performed in each oscillatory cycle was calculated from plots offeree against muscle length, the...

1. The mesothoracic wings of tettigoniid insects are used in song production and flight; the metathoracic wings in flight only. In Neoconocephalus triops the wing stroke frequency during flight is about 25 Hz; the frequency during singing about 100 Hz. 2. The twitch duration of mesothoracic, first tergocoxal (Tcxl) wing muscles is only about one-half the duration of the upstroke or downstroke p...