introduction maternal and fetal characteristics can be effect on optimism which vary among different cultures and countries. so the aim of this study was to determine prenatal optimism and its relationship with fetal and maternal characteristics in primiparous women. materials and methods this research study was a descriptive cross - sectional. the statistical populations consisted of 240 pregn...

background: academic optimism about teachers is a new construct. the objective of this study was investigation of primary school teachers' academic optimism and organizational citizenship behavior in shiraz city. methods: the method of this study was descriptive and correlational study. the population of this study were all teachers (men and women) working in the 1391-1392 school year in public...

It is expected that more accounting conservation (environmental uncertainty) reduces manager optimism. Prior research, however, has struggled to establish this relation empirically. Moreover, some evidence points to the possibility that the manager optimism is lower for firms with more accounting conservation. In this paper, the author examine the link between accounting conservation, environme...

Optimism is an individual difference variable that reflects the extent to which people hold generalized favorable expectancies for their future. Higher levels of optimism have been related prospectively to better subjective well-being in times of adversity or difficulty (i.e., controlling for previous well-being). Consistent with such findings, optimism has been linked to higher levels of engag...

Recent theoretical discussions of optimism as an inherent aspect of human nature converge with empirical investigations of optimism as an individual difference to show that optimism can be a highly beneficial psychological characteristic linked to good mood, perseverance, achievement, and physical health. Questions remain about optimism as a research topic and more generally as a societal value...

BACKGROUND Prior research has identified unrealistic optimism as a bias that might impair informed consent among patient-subjects in early-phase oncology trials. However, optimism is not a unitary construct; it also can be defined as a general disposition, or what is called dispositional optimism. The authors assessed whether dispositional optimism would be related to high expectations for pers...

A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person's ac...

A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person’s ac...

4 THE OPTIMISTIC ENTREPRENEUR 5 1 OPTIMISM AND CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 8 2 OPTIMISM AND THE DECISION TO LAUNCH 11 3 OPTIMISM AND PLANNING 15 4 OPTIMISM AND THE PROCESS TOWARDS INNOVATION 18