introduction penetration of a bicycle brake handle into the orbit is a rare and serious type of trauma. globe subluxation due to such trauma has not been previously reported. case presentation a 10-year-old girl presented after falling from a bicycle, which resulted in the handbrake penetrating her right upper eyelid. on examination, the globe was subluxated anteriorly, there was no light perce...

Optic nerve injuries are classically divided into direct and indirect injuries. Direct injuries are open injuries where an external object penetrates the tissues to impact the optic nerve. Indirect optic nerve injuries occur when the force of collision is imparted into the skull and this energy is absorbed by the optic nerve. The prognostic value in knowing that an injury was direct or indirect...

Injury to the optic nerve leading to optic atrophy may be direct or indirect. Direct injury may result from laceration of the nerve fibres by a missile or sharp instrument penetrating the orbit, by a displaced fragment of bone in fracture of the optic canal, or by avulsion of the nerve at the globe. Indirect injury is well recognized in contusion injuries of the head, especially the brow, and i...

purpose: to report a case of unilateral severe visual loss and bilateral optic disc cupping secondary to brain metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma patient and findings: a 48 year-old woman presented with severe visual loss of left eye without redness or pain or any systemic findings .clinical findings included decreased visual acuity of left eye to 4 m cf and (+3) positive marcus-gunn reflex ....

Assessment of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer and macular thickness can be determined in ophthalmology using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Decreased nerve fiber layer thickness and macular ganglion cell thickness in optic nerve ischemia have been correlated with visual field loss. OCT allows deep optic nerve head evaluation which helps understand pathophysiology of diseases.  Furtherm...