introduction in spite of the increasing trend in opioid abusers worldwide, the prevalence of narcotic bowel syndrome (nbs) is undetermined. we aimed to estimate the prevalence of nbs and other opioid bowel dysfunction (obd) in opioid abusers in kerman, southeast iran. according to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the prevalence of nbs in opioid abusers. method by ref...

BACKGROUND The growing trends in opioid abuse, assessment of the abuse liability of prescription opioid products, and growing efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop 'abuse-resistant' formulations highlight a need to understand the features that make one product more 'attractive' than another to potential abusers. We developed a scale to measure the 'attractiveness' of prescription op...

during a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the urmia university of medical sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3...

During a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. Demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. Among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3...

Background: Acute and chronic pain is prevalent in patients with opioid dependence. Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between pain, opioid use, and withdrawal syndrome can account for the barriers encountered for pain management. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia, compared with intravenous (IV) morp...

HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes,...

BACKGROUND Acute and chronic pain is prevalent in patients with opioid dependence. Lack of knowledge concerning the complex relationship between pain, opioid use, and withdrawal syndrome can account for the barriers encountered for pain management. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia, compared with intravenous (IV) morph...

General practitioners (GPs) are encouraged to play a major part in the care and treatment of drug users; however, many regularly encounter physical or verbal abuse and feel frustration, disappointment, and disillusionment when treating such patients. Furthermore, communication difficulties between doctor and patient and the advent of HIV serve to intensify these problems. In order to address th...

AIM To assess the ability to work and employability of individuals taking part in opioid substitution treatment programs (OSTP). METHODS The study was composed of two surveys. In the first survey, 237 of 480 patients enrolled in OSTP responded to the questionnaire about their employment status, opinion about employment, and perception of assignments before and during OSTP. In the second surve...

Tramadol is a novel centrally acting opioid analgesic used for the treatment of mild to severe pain. This drug is the most prescribed opioid worldwide. It has been approved as an analgesic in Iran since 2002. Unfortunately Tramadol dependency has become very common in Iran in various age groups and genders but in particular is abused among the young generation. Overdose of Tramadol is a well-kn...