majority of practical terms in ophthalmology were compiled firstly in muslims` medical dictionary. anatomical and pathological terms such as retina and cataract were improved in this lexicon. mohammad ghazi, in journal of azziae, has considered ophthalmology as an innovation which was firstly introduced by muslim arabs. their attempts promoted this science and retained it the best for a long ti...

iran enjoys a glorious history in medicine, ophthalmology and optics and has introduced several great physicians and ophthalmologists to the world. the history of ophthalmology dates back to 6000 years ago; unfortunately we have no manuscripts or petrographies from those eras. the oldest document about ophthalmic diseases can be found in avesta. furthermore, as early as 1600 years ago, genta sh...

with the advent of constitutional revolution in iran and the increase in people’s knowledge, women’s status changed and ultimately improved. publishing newspaper was one of the women’s attempts to keep their rights. lady somayyeh kahhal was the first woman in this field, as well as ophthalmology in iran. she published the first specialized newspaper for women in iran under the title of danesh (...

group psychology indicate that the trust we place in ethics committees may need re-examination. The heavy emphasis placed on science in contemporary medical education may harbour dangers for our patients today and tomorrow, which a critical historical perspective such as that presented here may help to avert. In recent years, there have been a spate of political anniversaries conveniently linke...

a number of which have been recently written, and shows that the ophthalmic art has an interesting history which goes back to ancient times, and the author has very successfully endeavoured to trace the various components of ophthalmology up to the present age. The history is divided into different periods, the ancient East, the Greek period, the Arabian period, the Western Middle Ages, and the...