introduction the current study provides data from two patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, who charted several of their symptoms over time. case presentation each patient charted domains that were relevant to them, and they were attempting to assess the effects of specific interventions. an ab operant design was used for both participants. the findings indicate that by charting symptoms on ...

The function of sleep in physiology, behaviour and cognition has become a primary focus of neuroscience. Its study inevitably includes experimental sleep deprivation designs. However, concerns exist regarding confounds like stress, increased locomotor activity levels, and decreased motivation to perform operant tasks induced by the methods employed. We here propose a novel procedure for sleep d...

Ever since learning and memory have been studied experimentally, the relationship between operant and classical conditioning has been controversial. Operant conditioning is any form of conditioning that essentially depends on the animal's behavior. It relies on operant behavior. A motor output is called operant if it controls a sensory variable. The Drosophila flight simulator, in which the rel...

Different brain circuits mediate the acquisition of skills and habits (via operant/instrumental learning) and the acquisition of facts (via classical/Pavlovian learning). Realistic learning situations always comprise interactions of skill-and fact-learning components (composite learning). So far, these interactions have escaped thorough scrutiny. Fixed flying Drosophila melanogaster at the torq...

Ablation of the telencephalic hemispheres blocked reproductive behavior and decreased the rate of operant responding for conspecific visual reinforcement. Repeated administration of operant conditioning sessions for 4 weeks following the ablation resulted in a partial recovery of the operant rate but not of reproductive behavior. Social isolation, which increases reactivity in Macropodus, had n...

The application of operant learning theory on chronic pain by Fordyce has had a huge impact on chronic pain research and management. The operant model focuses on pain behaviors as a major component of the pain problem, and postulates that they are subject to environmental contingencies. The role of operant learning in pain behaviors generally has been supported by experimental studies, which ar...

Operant conditioning is a ubiquitous but mechanistically poorly understood form of associative learning in which an animal learns the consequences of its behavior. Using a single-cell analog of operant conditioning in neuron B51 of Aplysia, we examined second-messenger pathways engaged by activity and reward and how they may provide a biochemical association underlying operant learning. Conditi...

This research examines a chronic problem in academic settings – inappropriate copying or misuse of source materials–i.e., plagiarism. We conduct a computer-based writing experiment to examine the effects of psychological and situational characteristics on subjects’ propensity to misappropriate text. Specifically, we examine to what extent such misappropriations may be explained by available tec...

Using 3.3 pb of data collected with the CMD-2 detector in the 720 – 840 MeV c.m. energy range, the branching fraction of the conversion decay ω → πee has been measured: B(ω → πee) = (8.19 ± 0.71± 0.62) · 10. The upper limits for the branching fractions of the following conversion decays have been obtained at the 90% confidence level: B(ρ → πee) < 1.6 · 10, B(ρ → ηee) < 0.7 · 10 and B(ω → ηee) <...