If farmers are risk averse, greater farm income variability should increase off-farm labor supply. This effect is confirmed for a sample of Kansas farmers. Off-farm employment of farmers and their spouses is also found to be significantly influenced by farm experience, off-farm work experience, farm size, leverage, efficiency, and farm-specific education. In addition, farm operators and spouses...

Field experiments were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons to investigate the effect of farmyard manure and weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra. The study was a factorial experiment laid out in split plot design, replicated three times. Farm yard manure was assigned as main plot treatments, while weeding regimes was assigned as sub plot treatments. Parameters measure...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major legume crops grown in Pakistan having a considerable importance as a food, feed and fodder but due to imbalanced use of fertilizers its production is low. To find the optimum level of Phosphorus and FYM for chickpea and study their effect on agronomic characteristics an experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricul...

We report on the characterization of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in standard 140-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. As a methodology for SPAD optimization, a test structure array, called SPAD farm, was realized with several junctions, guard-ring structures, dimensions, etc. In this paper, characterization results of the...

v

Recent research on the impact of institutions su¤ers from historical, theoretical, and methodological problems. The historical issue is whether the initially poorer countries became wealthier, as Acemoglou, Johnson, and Robinson (2002) would have us believe. The theoretical question is whether the institutions that should matter are those that protect property rights or those that coordindate i...

Introduction Conclusions References