energy consumption has been essential to societies; because societies depend on the rising provisions of energy to meet their requirements for goods and services and endorse sustainable development. the major source of energy nowadays is oil; oil consumption is dependent on oil availability, production and price. several arab countries are considered as major suppliers of oil in the world; cons...

Epoxidized vegetable oils are the product of vegetable oil epoxidation reactions. Since the epoxidized vegetable oil is a nonpoisonous plasticizer, it has been wildly used in the plastic packaging of food and medicine. Among the various epoxidized vegetable oils, the application of epoxidized soybean oil is broader than others. Nowadays, it’s the third largest category of plasticizers. However,...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of dust in supply air ducts in recently installed ventilation systems. The samples for the determination of dust accumulation were collected from supply air ducts in 18 new buildings that have been constructed according to two different cleanliness control levels classified as category P1 (low oil residues and protected against contaminations) an...

Manual grading process of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) leads to misconduct and human error while inspecting the right category of fruits for the purpose of oil palm production at the mill. It is extremely important to identify the degree of ripeness of FFB are at 95% level of confidence as mentioned by Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). Therefore, wrong evaluation of graded fruits will result wrong re...

the analyze of petroleum contracts demonstrate that in respect to the intensity of the cooperation between the state company and oil companies, we could find the different evaluative categories of the contracts on upstream oil industry.historically, the first generation of the petroleum contracts was the concession agreement in which the transferring of ownership was the base. the license agree...

Using a sample of monthly observations of both a 12-category group and a 203-category group of personal consumption expenditures, we furnish evidence that relative price variability is positively related to both the inflation rate and inflation variability. The relation is robust to oil-price shocks.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

An overview from the perspective of one manufacturer is provided on products that utilise either palm oil or palm kernel oil. The manufacturer is Macphie of Glenbervie while the products are of a wide-ranging nature for use in bakery, food service and food-manufacturing. Much of the discussion concerns cream alternatives on the grounds that this product-category places great demand on the type ...