Introduction Ocean island basalts (OIB) are thought to sample the Earth’s deep mantle, whereby thermochemical plumes entrain lower mantle material and bring it to the surface where it erupts. By measuring the isotopic compositions of global OIB—which record the isotopic compositions of OIB mantle sources—geochemists can “map” the isotopic heterogeneity of the Earth’s deep mantle (e.g., Gast et ...

BACKGROUND Parents, caregivers and mental health professionals have often reported violence and aggression in children or adolescents with autistic disorder. However, most of these observations derived from anecdotal reports, and studies on frequency and characterization of aggression in autism remain limited. Our objective was to better characterize and understand the different types of aggres...

The geochemical discriminate diagrams help to distinguish the volcanics recovered from different tectonic settings but these diagrams tend to group the ocean floor basalts (OFB) under one class i.e., as mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). Hence, a method is specifically needed to identify the OFB as normal (N-MORB), enriched (E-MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). We have applied Artificial Neur...

The geochemical discriminate diagrams help to distinguish the volcanics recovered from different tectonic settings but these diagrams tend to group the ocean floor basalts (OFB) under one class i.e., as mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). Hence, a method is specifically needed to identify the OFB as normal (N-MORB), enriched (E-MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). We have applied Artificial Neur...

Measurements of Xe isotope ratios in ocean island basalts (OIB) suggest that Earth’s mantle accreted heterogeneously, and that compositional remnants of accretion are sampled by modern, high-He/He OIB associated with the Icelandic and Samoan plumes. If so, the high-He/He source may also have a distinct oxygen isotopic composition from the rest of the mantle. Here, we test if the major elements ...

Measurements of Xe isotope ratios in ocean island basalts (OIB) suggest that Earth’s mantle accreted heterogeneously, and that compositional remnants of accretion are sampled by modern, high-He/He OIB associated with the Icelandic and Samoan plumes. If so, the high-He/He source may also have a distinct oxygen isotopic composition from the rest of the mantle. Here, we test if the major elements ...

The nature of source rocks of basaltic magmas plays a fundamental role in understanding the composition, structure and evolution of the solid earth. However, identification of source lithology of basalts remains uncertainty. Using a parameterization of multi-decadal melting experiments on a variety of peridotite and pyroxenite, we show here that a parameter called FC3MS value (FeO/CaO-3*MgO/SiO...

[1] Although most Central American magmas have a typical arc geochemical signature, magmas in southern Central America (central Costa Rica and Panama) have isotopic and trace element compositions with an ocean island basalt (OIB) affinity, similar to the Galapagos-OIB lavas (e.g., Ba/La < 40, La/Yb > 10, Pb/Pb > 18.8). Our new data for Costa Rica suggest that this signature, unusual for a conve...

Passive microwave satellite brightness temperatures (TB) that were observed by the F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the subsequent F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) were inter-calibrated using empirical relationship models during their overlap period. Snow depth (SD) on the Arctic first-year sea ice was further retrieved. The SDs derived from F17 TB and F13C TB ...

The effect of octaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OIB-POSS) as a nanosized reinforcement on the cure kinetics, crosslinking density, and mechanical properties styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites was examined in this study. For purpose, SBR compounds with various OIB-POSS nanoparticle loadings at 1, 3, 5 phr were prepared their results compared reference compound without...