http://www.aic.gov.au Corruption, defined here as the exploitation of public office for personal gain, is a universal phenomenon. The practice, in one manifestation or another, is as old as government itself. Today, it thrives in the world’s wealthiest nations, and in its poorest. It exists on every continent, across people of all nationalities and religions. Corruption can take many forms, inc...

Whistle-blowing is seen as a powerful tool in containing corruption, although theoretical findings and experimental evidence cast doubt on its effectiveness. We expand a standard corruption model by allowing both, briber and official to initiate corruption actively, in order to assess the full effect of whistle-blowing. In our laboratory experiment we find that the effect of symmetrically punis...

Exploiting a unique data set containing transactions data from a panel of 769 Chinese stateowned enterprises between 1980 and 1989, this paper tests microeconomic implications of a pervasive form of corruption—official diversion of under-priced, in-plan goods to the market. Corruption has the predicted effects on resource allocation. Official under-pricing of in-plan goods, which lowers the mar...

One of the most important new social injuries in the bureaucratic administrative is the official corruption. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the economic, social, demographic characteristics and perception of corruption. In this study, a questionnaire survey was used. The random sampling was used too. The results showed that: 1.a significant relationship betwee...

Detailed transaction and price data from 769 Chinese state-owned enterprises reveal that corruption — official diversion of under-priced in-plan industrial goods to the market — was pervasive in China between 1980 and 1989. More important, corruption has a significant impact on the allocation of both in-plan and outside-plan resources in ways that are consistent with implications of an extended...

This paper applies a novel methodology to measure corruption levels in U.S. states, leading to insights which could be useful to policymakers in their effort to reduce unethical behavior. The level of public corruption is difficult to quantify because much of it goes undetected and because different cultures and jurisdictions have different definitions and different degrees of tolerance for cor...

Enforcement problems are frequently acute in illegal transactions, such as bribery. However, if a government official and a member of the public share informal social or economic ties, this may enable them to enforce bribe transactions by “linking the games”. As a result, official’s incentives to engage in corruption may be affected by the social structure of the society in which they are embed...

Abuse of official position or authority is the commission an illegal act committed in capacity that violates performance duties. Officials who abuse their power are often corrupt. Misappropriation, trust, and fraud can take many forms. If carried out by official, it constitutes corruption. consists using official's to resolve issues conflict with interests service. Usually, for such "services,"...

This paper contributes to the corruption literature by implementing bribery in the laboratory as a repeated three person sequential game, consisting of a firm, a government official and a citizen. In contrast to the design of Abbink et al (2002) and Cameron et al (2009a), our design fixes the value of the bribe that the firm can offer and the favor that the government official can grant, allowi...

Using a large six-city exit poll from 2000, we examine popular judgments of what constitutes ‘‘political corruption’’ in the United States. We find two distinct evaluative dimensions: corruption understood as lawbreaking, and corruption as favoritism. These judgments are heavily conditioned by the voter’s socioeconomic background and are politically consequential. Subjective understandings of ‘...