one of the important causes of strabismus in all ages is extraocular muscles paralysis due to 3rd, 4th and 6th cerebral nerve palsies. exact and on-time treatment can result in improvement of deviation, am-blyopia and abnormal head posture. we studied epidemiological characteristics of extraocular muscles paralysis. this retrospective study performed on 131 subjects (58% male). records of patie...

The selectivity of axonal regeneration to the extraocular muscles in teleosts has been reinvestigated by mapping, with retrogradely transported HRP, the motor pools of the muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. In normal goldfish, the motoneurons of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles formed discrete, nonoverlapping motor pools; the motor pool of the medial r...

We report a patient with partial oculomotor paresis due to midbrain infarction. A 69-year-old man noticed diplopia suddenly. Ptosis, and impaired adduction and supraduction were found in the right eye. The pupillary size and light reflexes were normal on both sides. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed an acute lesion in the right inferolateral oculomotor fascicle. These clinicoradiological fin...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

Eye movements in vertebrates are controlled by six extraocular muscles innervated by three of the cranial nerves – the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens. Incorrect development of this wiring network can lead to eye movement disorders, such as the congenital condition Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), which results in squint (strabismus). In DRS patients, the abducens nerve is often absent, and ...

The consequences of changes in the oculomotor system on the three-dimensional eye movements are difficult to grasp. Although changes to the rectus muscles can still be approximately understood with simplified geometric models, this approach no longer works with the oblique muscles. It is shown how SEE++, a biomechanical model of the oculomotor plant that was built on the ideas of Miller and Rob...

The discrete anatomy of the eye's intricate oculomotor system is conceptually difficult for novice students to grasp. This is problematic given that this group of muscles represents one of the most common sites of clinical intervention in the treatment of ocular motility disorders and other eye disorders. This project was designed to develop a digital, interactive, three-dimensional (3D) model ...