purpose : cytotoxic drugs are the gold standard and the first line treatment for ophthalmological manifestations of behçet’s disease (bd). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of eyes with chlorambucil on long-term follow-up, in a longitudinal study on 15 years. methods : chlorambucil was given as 0.2 to 0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight and per day. prednisolone was concomita...

Rosacea is a chronic disorder of unknown etiology with facial and ocular manifestations. It frequently affects women in the fourth to seventh decades, and patients often present to ophthalmologists with complaints relating to blepharitis, meibomianitis, or tear disturbances. Characteristic skin change of flushing, erythema, telangiectasis, papules, and pustules should be sought, as patients fre...

An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an ocular condition that directly or indirectly results from a pathologic process from another part of the body. Ocular manifestations can occur in various systemic diseases in pediatrics. However, ocular manifestations are difficult to recognize especially in pediatric diseases because most clinicians ignore ocular involvement of systemic diseas...

Ocular involvement in lymphoma is a relatively rare condition that can result from a primary intraocular lymphoma or an intraocular manifestation of systemic lymphoma. Lymphoma manifestations frequently masquerade as other more benign intraocular conditions including allergic or infectious conjunctivitis, uveitis, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute retinal necrosis, or herpetic retin...