the technique of applying mask is one of the most important techniques in arabic contemporary poetry in which the ancient characters would be recalled by mentioned technique in order to express the desired concepts. this literary technique plays an important role in egyptian modernism contemporary poetry. thus the present research intends to survey the lexical and expressional meaning of mask a...

Decision-making for remanufacturing is more complicated than that of traditional manufacturing because used or new components can be selected to remanufacture products. It becomes difficult determine the various options and their subsequent effect on at same time. In fact, all decisions made in one activity will have a direct impact taken activities this affect profitability. Therefore, decisio...

Objective. Currently, Latinos and African Americans constitute more than one-quarter of the U.S. population. The sheer size of these groups suggests an opportunity for increased political influence, with this opportunity providing the incentive for greater social and political interaction between them. The objective of this article is to determine the role of Latino group consciousness in the f...

In this paper multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed to design a universal electric motor. Designing a product often incorporates multiple objectives. Designing a product family has an added tradeoff, between commonality and individual product performance. The presence of multiple objectives gives rise to a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for individual products as well as the produ...

Platforming, the sharing of parts, processes, knowledge, and technologies, across products and projects has proven to be an effective way for firms to reduce their costs. While platforming is now common in many consumer and industrial products, the use of platforms is a relatively new practice in the design of civil and industrial projects such as buildings, power grids, and oil and gas facilit...

One critical aim of product family design is to offer distinct variants that attract a variety of market segments while maximizing the number of common parts to reduce manufacturing cost. Several indices have been developed for measuring the degree of commonality in existing product lines to compare product families or assess improvement of a redesign. In the product family optimization literat...

We study the value of component commonality in a periodic review assemble-to-order system, introduced by Akçay and Xu in 2004, where an independent base stock policy and a first-come-first-served allocation rule are used, and the base stock levels and the component allocation are optimized jointly. We show that lowering component commonality may yield a higher type-II service level. The lower d...

Machines at customers have to be provided with spare parts upon failure. Consider a number of groups of machines, for each of which a target aggregate fill rate or target average response time (waiting time) should be met. Between groups, commonality exists, i.e., some parts occur in the material breakdown structure of machines in multiple groups. Instead of using separate stocks per group of m...

This paper addresses an inventory control problem when common components are allowed and the goal is to minimize the expected units shortage subject to a budget constraint. A two-level assemble-to-order product structure is analyzed when the demands for two end products follow independent mixtures of Erlang distributions. Closed form expressions for the objective function under various scenari...