one of the most important and disputable problems in philosophy of religion is “the problem of evil”. at the course of the history, theologians have put forward different solutions to this problem. one of them which have been propounded by some western philosophers and almost all islamic philosophers, is called the doctrine of “inexistency of evils” so the main purpose of this article is as fol...

Abstract I argue that, alongside the already well-established prohibition against treating persons as mere means, Kant’s Formula of Humanity requires a things. The former captures ethical violations due to someone’s (perceived) instrumental value, e.g. exploitation, latter cases in which mistreat others because they have no value me. These are am indifferent and complacent towards need; forms m...

Hereditary predisposition existed in Intemperance Pregnancy, child-bearing, abortion, lactation, &c Disappointments, reverses, embarrassments, losses, or privations Religious excitement Grief Disappointed affection Anxiety, vexation 43 Terror 39 Blows on tlie head, falls 23 Epilepsy 23 Paralysis 8 Causes of more rare occurrence 219 Of the remaining cases for which no cause was assigned, the dis...

ilence plays an intriguing role in eighteenth century accounts of the sublime. It is often present in lists of sublime objects, typically (as in Burke) associated with the other privations—darkness, solitude etc.2 In the course of the century there was a huge variety of increasingly intricate speculations on the sublime, leaving behind their Longinian origins in rhetoric and variously becoming ...

Seventy-five years after Leo Davidhoff made this statement, treatment failure remains the rule, not the exception, in the management of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is the one condition we deal with in neurosurgery where we have made little progress since the development of the shunt valve. We are still using the same basic shunt designs and mechanisms that we have used through all of these yea...