This paper is an evaluation of acceptability and use-experience with the contraceptive device Norplant at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Eastern Nigeria. Over a period of 36 months, 173 women (8% of the clinic population) accepted the implant. Use of Norplant was concentrated among high-parity women, and the proportion of Norplant users was highest among women aged 30-34 ye...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants (Norplant; Leiras Oy, Turku, Finland) in developing countries. METHODS We used controlled cohort methodology. Women attending family planning clinics in eight developing countries selecting Norplant were enrolled, together with women of similar age choosing intrauterine devices (IUDs) or surgical ster...

In this study, patterns of Norplant use in Indonesia are reviewed to assess the implications of this experience for the introduction of new contraceptive methods. Data from the Norplant Use-Dynamics Study and the 1994 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey are analyzed, and patterns of acceptance, continuation, and removal are described. Acceptance of Norplant has increased steadily since it w...

BACKGROUND Women using progestogen-only contraceptives are commonly troubled by irregular bleeding. Endometrial vessel breakdown and repair is thought to be locally regulated under the indirect influence of sex steroids. Most information about endometrial vessels is derived from blind biopsies taken in an outpatient setting. Hysteroscopy allows in-vivo observation of the whole endometrial surfa...

Women using the progestin-only contraceptive Norplant often suffer from unpredictable bouts of breakthrough bleeding, which usually occurs from a thin atrophic endometrium. The role of cellular apoptosis in the endometrial response to Norplant has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to use immunohistochemistry to produce semi-quantitative scores for expression of the apoptos...

I enjoyed reading the two articles written by Sam Rowlands in the October 2010 issue of the Journal. 1 2 They were comprehensive and gave valuable information to health care professionals providing a contraceptive subdermal implant service. There are, however, several points that require clarifi cation and/or correction. First, Norplant ® , the six-rod system, was manufactured by Leiras Oy, now...

BACKGROUND Implantable methods of contraception offer long-acting reversible contraception. Their uptake rate in comparison to other contraceptive methods, particularly in developed countries, has historically been low. OBJECTIVES To assess the contraceptive effectiveness, tolerability and acceptability of subdermal implants in comparison to other reversible contraceptive methods. SEARCH ST...

Norplant, subdermally implanted slow-release levonorgestrel, is an effective and widely used contraceptive agent but has a high rate of discontinuation due to unacceptable abnormal uterine bleeding. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in normal cycling endometrium and are postulated to be responsible for the tissue breakdown at menstruation. We have compared the immunolocalization of...

Endometrial bleeding problems can be the major reason for discontinuing progestin-only contraception. In this study the endometrial angiogenic response in Norplant users was found to be lower than in women with normal menstrual cycles. These disturbances in angiogenic response may be caused by oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the endometrium. The aims of this study were to investigate the effec...